Although there was much weakness in the political system of Weimar Germany from 1919-1933, one man stablised all areas of both politics and daily life for Germans, and hence must be considered a key block in the Nazis' rise to power. Royal, colonial and authoritarian legacies in Myanmar - ResearchGate What impact did this have? The Path to Nazi Genocide, NARRATOR: The NSDAP, after becoming reallowed as a political party in 1925, changed their focus and used the democratic system of the Weimar Republic to gain power. In Turkey, last months lifting of many restrictions saw a spike in cases, but Erdoan refrained from reimposing another lockdown, fearful of the economic damage it would cause. (May 2006), Analyse thenature and extent of internal opposition and the methods used to deal with this opposition by Stalin, Evaluate the contribution to the rise to power of Hitler of each of the following: National Socialist ideology; the use of force; economic crises. Discuss with reference to one authoritarian state. [2010] 17. This resulted in the Great Purge of 1936-38. Beijing says it respects status of countries such as Ukraine after ambassadors comments spark row. CBI opens investigations into suspected misuse of MSEI funds Chinese trend for using photo of film star to get better service sweeps social media, More than 20,000 Russian soldiers killed in five months in Ukraine, US says, Chinese journalist arrested on charges of espionage, 'Democracy was hijacked. They would destroy their political opponents and, under Mussolinis leadership, create a totalitarian state. How colonial rule predisposed Africa to fragile authoritarianism Why were some Italian Fascists unhappy with Mussolinis early years in power? In the early 1930s, the frequency of elections was dizzying. The mixed record of authoritarians responses to the coronavirus undercuts any simple conclusion that the pandemic will bolster authoritarianism globally over the long term. When they seized power, Fascists had hoped to take over the Italian state completely. In fact, the German military had quietly sought an end to the war it could no longer win in 1918. IB History HL & SL Authoritarian States (Hitler) notes In January 1933, when the old war hero, President Paul von Hindenburg, invited Hitler to serve as Chancellor in a coalition government, the Nazis could hardly believe their luck. By censuring Li instead of acting on his alerts, local authorities may have facilitated the coronaviruss unchecked spread; consequently, Lis death from the virus in early February sparked an outpouring of anger and grief on Chinese social media. In a complex, changing, and increasingly contested world, the Carnegie Endowment generates strategic ideas and independent analysis, supports diplomacy, and trains the next generation of international scholar-practitioners to help countries and institutions take on the most difficult global problems and safeguard peace. Emergence of Authoritarian States - History Rising Historians Ruth Ben-Ghiat and Mia Fuller argue that the Italian colonies provided "testing grounds for strategies of governance and repression". Economic conditions stabilized for a few years, then the worldwide depression hit in 1929. Russia has lost its soft power: how war in Ukraine destabilises old Soviet allies, Original reporting and incisive analysis, direct from the Guardian every morning, 2023 Guardian News & Media Limited or its affiliated companies. The author argues that Italian Fascism never gained the level of totalitarian control the Nazis had in Germany. Fascists portrayed the war as Italy's "civilizing mission" or the need for "military security". Today, authoritarian regimes comprise only one-fifth of all states in the world (Marshall & Cole 2011, p. 10). David Wong was a 20192020 James C. Gaither Junior Fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and is currently working on a digital start-up. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda, 2. Authoritarian States - LARSON'S IB HISTORY We engage geography's longstanding debate on what "counts" as resistance by introducing slow resistance to account for temporal-political strategies against unjust developments, particularly under authoritarian conditions. Conditions That Led to Emergence of Authoritarian State in 20th Century Conditions in China before 1911 Until the 19th century, China was a very conservative nation. 81 - What was Castro's early ideology based around? (May 08 TZ2), Analyse the methods used and the conditions which helped in the rise to power of one ruler of a single-party state. Check your email for details on your request. 82 - How did Castro establish his government, and what challenges arose? 83 - How did Castro's policies on elections + INRA reflect this shift? More than fifty million people from around the world visited the Universal Expositiona worlds fair intended to promote greater understanding and tolerance among nations, and to celebrate the new century, new inventions, exciting progress. Many veterans and other citizens struggled to understand Germanys defeat and the uncertain future. Numerous nondemocracies, from Russia and Iran to Venezuela and Togo, have been rocked by significant protests. To what extent did popular support for the aims and ideology of one authoritarian/single-party. The conditions in which authoritarian states emerged were mainly determined by economic factors.. It started with a string of violent clashes in the northern part of Italy beginning in 1920. 2 . Why do you think Mussolini was less successful than Hitler in this respect? Sexual norms were in flux. 83 - How did Castro deal with Lanz + Urrutria, and how did this reflect on him as leader? Historical Conditions for Castro's Rise to Power - IB History Certainly, Mussolini and the Fascists saw ethnic minorities as impediments to the creation of a purely Italian state. Aftermath of World War I and the Rise of Nazism, 1918-1933 China respects the sovereignty, independence and territorial integrity of all countries and upholds the purposes and principles of the United Nations charter, she said, describing the countrys stance on Ukraine as objective and fair. Thus, despite the spike in repressive measures that the coronavirus has produced so far, the medium- to long-term prospects for many authoritarian governments are less certain today than they were before the pandemic hit. In 1923, he was imprisoned for trying to overthrow the government. (May 2008, TZ2), Evaluate the successes and failures of one ruler of a single-party state. They believed Japan had a superior culture, and could rule other Asians better than the European empires had. Economic Crisis. All rights reserved. Antisemitism (discrimination against Jews) defined Nazism in Germany, but that was not exactly the case with Italian Fascism, at least before 1938. 3. Article III of the OAU Refugee Convention in Context: the Emergence of 95 - Outline why the Rectification Campaign of 1986 was launched, and what were the results'. - How did the collapse of the USSR affect Cuba? Lack of leadership. According to . 87-88 - What internal threats existed to Castro and how were they dealt with? (May 2009, TZ1), To what extent was the ruler of one single-party state successful in achieving his aims? It is hard to blind citizens slammed by a national public health emergency to the realities of weak leadership at the top and incoherent governance at local levels. After local resistance was crushed, Mussolini's regime established a tight grip over the region. HL/SL: World History topic 10: Authoritarian States (20th Century) Of course, some authoritarian or authoritarian-leaning governments have mounted relatively effective responses to the virus: in this respect, countries like Bahrain, Singapore, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam come to mind. Authoritarian Weaknesses and the Pandemic - Carnegie Endowment for Another million were sent to prisons called Gulags. If you're seeing this message, it means we're having trouble loading external resources on our website. A devastating biological virus has translated into a damaging political virus that has markedly eroded the overall state of freedom in the world in just six months. Methods used to establish authoritarian states: persuasion and coercion; the role of leaders; ideology; the use of force; propaganda . -Must give jobs to men - How was land reform implemented from 1950s onwards? Citizens faced poor economic conditions, skyrocketing unemployment, political instability, and profound social change. Social and economic policies in authoritarian states did not always achieve their aims.. The first world war, from 1914 to 1918, was fought throughout Europe and beyond. Colonial aggression also contributed to the rise of Italian racism. Gagauzias Election Could Help Russia Destabilize Moldova. - DAMAGEdamages relationship with France and Britain Paper 2 Questions | PDF | Authoritarianism | Civil War - Scribd At the end of the third read, you should be able to respond to these questions: Looking back on history, we can often see patterns emerging just before dangerous or terrible events occurred. What did this demonstrate about. In recent months Beijing has tried to burnish its relationship with Europe, welcoming a string of European leaders to China. This unique book weaves together literary works, . Landsbergis tweeted: If anyone is still wondering why the Baltic states dont trust China to broker peace in Ukraine, heres a Chinese ambassador arguing that Crimea is Russian and our countries borders have no legal basis.. Dont assume western democracy will last forever, Ukraine ammunition depot reportedly hit in wave of Russian missile attacks. High inflation and unemployment. Discuss (a) the ideology of, and (b) . After initial success in containing the virus, Singapore was struck by subsequent outbreaks among its population of migrant workers. Causes and effects of war: Chinese Civil War, H/L The People's Republic of China 1949-2005, http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2016-03-09/guest-post-message-voting-cattle?page=1, http://paxonbothhouses.blogspot.jp/2014/10/hitler-i-am-acting-as-agent-of-our.html, Cambridge paper - re.opposition to Nazism, http://www.casahistoria.net/ibrevision.htm, In 1943, hundreds of German women saved their Jewish husbands from deathcamps, Propaganda in Authoritarian States - Trump's laughter and clapping instigators, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YpHRvuVvrDU, https://medium.com/@laurennreiff/how-do-you-think-nazism-happened-4662332b6c4b, www.youtube.com/watch?v=b1Zxy3Z2i34&has_verified=1, https://www.ted.com/talks/sviatlana_tsikhanouskaya_how_to_be_fearless_in_the_face_of_authoritarianism?utm_source=newsletter_daily&utm_campaign=daily&utm_medium=email&utm_content=button__2020-11-12#t-24, "Final Account" taken from The Guardian 12/03/2021. But on the whole, these tendencies have been much less marked among democracies compared to autocracies. It was a cataclysm that darkened the worlds view of humanity and its future. In some ways, their actions were like experiments, pushing the boundaries of authoritarian rule to see what they could get away with. Mussolini's war against Ethiopia in 1935 brought race into focus as a Fascist concern. 95-6. colonial rule (1910-1945). Currently, a CBI letter dated 11 April 2023 in possession of The Sunday Guardian, shows that the Bureau has called for the production of several documents from various entities on 17 April 2023 with regard to the scheme for the period between 2016 to 2019. New social problems emerged from the impact of rapid industrialization and the growth of cities. It declared a state policy of overt discrimination against Africans, Arabs, and Jews. In Singapores elections in early July, the main opposition party won more seats than any opposition force has in decades, at least partly due to citizens discontent over the governments pandemic response. Hitler: Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: best of - Quizlet This is a list of key notes that you can use in paper 2 as the most important factors that need to be studied as recommended by the History guide. 20. By 1938, the Nazis were physically expelling some Jews and debating massive resettlement plans. In someincluding Algeria, Armenia, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, and Sudanprotests have driven leaders out of power. These questions will help you get a better understanding of the concepts and arguments that are presented in the article. Totalitarianism, authoritarianism, and fascism are all forms of government characterized by a strong central rule that attempts to control and direct all aspects of individual life through coercion and repression. What were his aims economically and socially? -took over various unprofitable industries on behalf of the state, -youth groups feuded In Eritrea, President Isaias Afwerki did not speak to the country from mid-February through mid-April. Taking advantage of new modes and media that emerged in the early twentieth century, these . In a tightly controlled referendum on Sunday, Uzbeks voted on changes that would extend presidential terms from five to seven years and allow Mirziyoyev to serve two more terms. He is currently working on a dissertation about missionaries, theology, and empire in the 18th and 19th centuries. Use of legal methods; use of force; charismatic leadership; dissemination of propaganda, - ABYSSINIA: Italy decides to invade Abyssinia (won and took steps towards rebuilding roman empire) On top of these governance factors, the economic devastation that most authoritarian countries are facing will further add to citizens anger and restlessness and reduce the financial tools besieged leaders often use to buy off key discontented sectors. Adolf Hitler was not elected to office and he did not have to seize power. Conditions in which authoritarian states emerged: economic factors; social division; impact of war; weakness of political system, 2.) The Rise of Democratic and Authoritarian POST - States: the Case of He also supported the brutal suppression of anti-colonial resistance in Libya. The independent sovereign nations that emerged after the fall of the former Soviet Union "don't have effective status under international law because there is not an international agreement . The early deterioration of the post-colonial African state into personalized and authoritarian rule in this manner mirrored the concerns that anchor refugee law in the first place as a special regime for persons who have well-grounded fear of persecution by reason of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or . Asked if China stood behind the envoys remarks, the foreign ministrys spokesperson Mao Ning said China had been one of the first countries to establish diplomatic relations with former Soviet states. His trial brought him fame and followers. David Wong was a James C. Gaither Junior Fellow with the Democracy, Conflict, and Governance Program. How was Stalin similar to and different from Hitler and Mussolini? It got a bad name': the death of the post-Soviet dream, Russia-Ukraine war as it happened: explosion derails Russian train; at least 34 injured after Pavlohrad attack, Myhunting trip with Yeltsin killed off the Soviet Union, UKexpected to stop funding Chinese state-linked Mandarin teaching schools, Russia-Ukraine war at a glance: what we know on day 432 of the invasion, TheSoviet Union collapsed overnight. 97- - How did Castro deal with the media? How long, and how many casualties did it take for the Fascists to defeat the Socialists? Key Weaknesses Plaguing Authoritarians. But this challenge is especially difficult for governments that do not enjoy the legitimacy that comes from winning free and fair elections and that instead rely heavily on economic performance as their primary source of popular legitimacy. Although Chinese citizens mobilized to respond to the pandemic by using social media to procure scarce protective gear or find open hospital beds, the Chinese Communist Partys long-standing distrust of civil society has hindered potential collaboration between government officials and volunteers. In lieu of claiming that the coronavirus was invisible and therefore not present, quite a few authoritarian leaders have made themselves invisible instead.
