Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Ebola Virus Disease in Sierra Leone He enjoys contributing back to the community. Model-based evaluation of the impact of prophylactic vaccination applied to Ebola epidemics in Sierra Leone and Democratic Republic of Congo. 1 0 obj The Ebola outbreak. The triangle has three corners (vertices): A man by the name of Thomas Eric Duncan boarded flight 822 from Liberia to Dallas, Texas. https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON398. Nobody had any. Still, successful isolation of the Marburg virus from the cave-dwelling species of the fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus lends support to the proposed idea of bats as a reservoir species for all filoviruses. 2 0 obj sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal and By clicking "Allow All" you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, PMC Epidemiological Triangle The agent factors of the disease include five genus viruses, Zaire Ebola virus, Bundibugyo Ebola virus, Sudan Ebola virus, Reston Ebola virus, and Tai Forest Ebola virus (Kaur, Sachdeva, Jha, & Sulania, 2017). The number cases for this current year so far is 9,936; 4,877 have been killed by this disease. Sikakulya, Franck Katembo The review was undertaken using the key words epidemiology, public health, outbreak control of Ebola virus, EVD, emerging disease, and/or pandemic disease through medical search engines and abstracting databases such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, and websites of international health agencies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). www.cidrap.umn.edu//commentary-health-workers-need-optimal-respiratory-protection-ebola "Being at first skeptical that Ebola virus could be an aerosol-transmissible disease, we are now persuaded by a review of experimental and epidemiologic data that this might be an important feature of disease transmission, particularly in healthcare settings.". https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2022-DON404 In June, MSF called for the WHO to increase its response. Kilgore PE, Grabenstein JD, Salim AM, Rybak M. Pharmacotherapy. May 2021 [internet publication]. Disease outbreak news. Hostname: page-component-75b8448494-spc8s World Health Organization. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1413685 https://www.who.int/emergencies/situations/Ebola-2019-drc-, 2018: small outbreak in the DRC with 54 cases and 33 deaths (case fatality rate 61%).[2]World Health Organization. This article highlights the epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, management, and prevention of EVD. We use cookies to enhance your experience. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. The case fatality rate during the 2014 outbreak was up to 64.3% in hospital admissions,[18]WHO Ebola Response Team. Today, we know that in total, over 11,000 people lost their lives ("Previous case counts", 2016). Contact Tracing: Barriers and Facilitators. When an infectious agent persists, or when it infects a greater number of people or in a larger area than expected, this is referred to as an outbreak or epidemic. Ebola virus disease in West Africa: the first 9 months of the epidemic and forward projections. Would you like email updates of new search results? jR06%oX^qTOHYs"F$+QI$G&Eem]Km^a*S3sFcz_ 1&. Dec 2021 [internet publication]. <> Since discovered, there have been known cases in Africa. [24]Report of an International Commission. If you have concerns about EVD, contact your healthcare provider. 2022. Ebola virus then spreads from person to person through direct contact with blood or body fluids of a person who is sick with or has died from EVD. How many Ebola patients have been treated outside of Africa? https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease 2021 May 14;19(1):123. doi: 10.1186/s12916-021-01996-5. https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2021-DON351. Transmission in this outbreak was traced back to the use of contaminated needles in an outpatient clinic at Yambuku Mission Hospital. In terms of the reading in addition to the lecture by Haneefa Saleem, the class learned about what is the Ebola virus and its history, the affect it has on a person and their community in addition to how the world has perceived this virus. FOIA http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23285243?tool=bestpractice.com, 2022: an outbreak ofSudan ebolavirusdisease in Uganda started on September 20, 2022 and was declared over on January 11, 2023, with a total of 142 confirmed cases and 55 deaths (case fatality rate 39%). The natural history of EVD has shown that the disease may pose a problem to developed countries and may present a thread to individuals. From this point onward, constant updates have been documented, and until the end of November 2014 the condition grew in number and prevalence[7]. Content may require purchase if you do not have access. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report: Metrovi, Tomislav. In humans, the disease is spread through contact with infected bodily fluids leading to haemorrhagic fever (World Health Organization [WHO], 2015). section, para. There is no FDA-authorized treatment for the three other strains of the Ebola virus that cause disease in people. The objective of this work is to study the evolution and progression of the epidemiological presentation profile of Ebola disease outbreaks since its discovery in 1976 to the present, and to explore the possible reasons for this evolution from different perspectives. https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa1411100#t=article HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help By continuing to browse this site you agree to our use of cookies. It can help your students understand infectious diseases and how they spread. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179356. Here we review key epidemiological data from past Ebola outbreaks and carry out a comparative . May 2021 [internet publication]. 2022 Dec;11(1):1635-1646. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2086072. This virus was formerly known as the hemorrhagic fever. [30]World Health Organization. Keywords: PLoS One. Ebola Virus Disease in the Light of Epidemiological Triad - SSRN Be sure the info you fill in Epidemiologic Triangle For Ebola is updated and correct. https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2023-DON433 Epidemiological Triangle Of Ebola Better Essays 1946 Words 8 Pages Open Document In 2014 the world watched in horror as West Africa experienced the largest Ebola epidemic in history. The epidemiological data detailing the number of Ebola cases is updated by the World Health Organization (WHO). [33]World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/2021-DON325. The first notification of the virus was mentioned in the Ebola River valley in Zaire for the time of an outburst in 1976. Origins of the 2014 Ebola epidemic. 2021 May;25(10):4523-4533. doi: 10.1111/jcmm.16462. The virus enters the body through broken skin, through the eyes, nose or mouth, or through sexual contact. A Level 3 grade constitutes a greater WHO role in the outbreak, particularly through an increase in resources, According to Cullinane and Park, Hundreds of people are dead as the worst Ebola virus outbreak in history sweeps through West Africa (Cullinane & Park, 2014, para. Owned and operated by AZoNetwork, 2000-2023. Suggested Citation, Maidan Garhischool of social sciencesNew Delhi, 110068India, Subscribe to this fee journal for more curated articles on this topic, International Institutions: Transnational Networks eJournal, Political Economy - Development: Health eJournal, We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content. With a case fatality rate from about 50% to 90%, and the absence of preventative or curative therapies, the Ebola epidemic has led to overall global alarm and further elucidated existing global health disparities that perpetuated the epidemic with these West African countries. Although Ebola caught the worlds attention during the 1995 outbreak in Zaire, the first outbreak occurred in 1976. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. 2014 Oct 16;371(16):1481-95. Ebola Epidemic: Student Worksheet Ebola Virus Disease (EVD), also known as Ebola hemorrhagic fever, is a rare and . Epidemiology of Ebola - UKEssays.com 18 March 2020. The emerging diagnostic technologies, rapid viral characterization, geospatial mapping of EVD transmission, and new treatments and vaccines are discussed. Early reports of Ebola virus disease from Guinea, CDC field team deployed. hasContentIssue false, World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine 2020. The Epidemiologic Triangle is a model that scientists have developed for studying health problems. Do not handle items that might have come in contact with a persons blood or body fluids, such as clothing, bedding, and medical equipment. It is important to note that the airborne transmission of Ebola has not been documented, which is comparable to how other respiratory viruses such as the severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are spread. CDC's Response to Ebola: March 2014-July 2015. It has also been responsible for smaller outbreaks in the DRC since then. The triad consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings the host and agent together. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is a virus transmitted from humans or animals through body fluids. * A suspected case (evaluated by a clinician) or person who died from suspected EVD and had an epidemiological link to a confirmed case (but was not tested and did not have laboratory confirmation of the disease) becomes PROBABLE. The opinions expressed here are the views of the writer and do not necessarily reflect the views and opinions of News Medical. analyse site usage and support us in providing free open access scientific content. There has only been one outbreak of Bundibugyo ebolavirus: in 2007 in western Uganda, and this outbreak had a case fatality rate of 25%. Ansumana R, Jacobsen KH, Idris M, et al. Direct comparison of case fatality rates between different Ebola treatment centers and outbreaks should be interpreted with caution as many variables can introduce bias and skew even large cohort data. % https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2014/07/31/world/africa/ebola-virus-outbreak-qa.html, In contrast to this, the Sudan ebolavirus has a lower case fatality rate of 39% to 65% in previous outbreaks, with the largest outbreak occurring in 2000 in Uganda (425 cases). There is currently no FDA-licensed vaccine to protect against the three other strains of the Ebola virus that cause disease in people. PDF Ebola outbreak: the Epidemiologic Triangle informational text - PBS Sanchez A, Geisbert TW, Feldmann H. Filoviridae: Marburg and Ebola viruses. 2022: one case was reported in the DRC on August 21, 2022 in the North Kivu province. falling to 31.5% in some treatment centers in West Africa,[27]Ansumana R, Jacobsen KH, Idris M, et al. Ebola virus disease (EVD), formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever, is a rare but severe, often fatal illness in humans. 2016 Jul 14;5:e16412. N Engl J Med. How can I learn more about Ebola virus disease? Is there an association between the consumption of ultra-processed food and adverse microbiota-gut-brain axis implications? World Health Organization. Fill out the Epidemiological Triangle for the current Ebola outbreak. Emerg Microbes Infect. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease, 2014-2016: the worlds largest outbreak started in the DRC in 2014 and finished in 2016, with over 28,000 cases and 11,000 deaths (case fatality rate 46%). Study Objective: Could Ebola virus be used for bioterrorism? [37]World Health Organization. The .gov means its official. Ebola virus disease Democratic Republic of the Congo. between patient and physician/doctor and the medical advice they may provide. This could explain the sporadic nature of infection and periodical outbreaks of this disease in Africa. The most common species of Ebola virus responsible for outbreaks is the Zaire ebolavirus, the second most common species being the Sudan ebolavirus. The Epidemiological Presentation Pattern of Ebola Virus Unit for Research in Emergency and Disaster, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain, Centre for Research on Health Care in Disasters, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1049023X20000333, Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. Get Epidemiologic Triangle For Ebola - US Legal Forms Ebola virus disease Democratic Republic of the Congo. Am J Public Health. When the Ebola epidemic began in 2014 Sierra Leone 's government health care system was built on rigid foundations. TIM-1 Augments Cellular Entry of Ebola Virus Species and Mutants, Which Is Blocked by Recombinant TIM-1 Protein. Information on the year of the outbreak, date of beginning and end, duration of the outbreak in days, number of cases, number of deaths, population at risk, geographic extension affected in Km2, and time of notification of the first cases to the World Health Organization (WHO) have been searched and analyzed. During this time, the WHO continued meeting with government leaders in West Africa, AFRO representatives, and relevant organizations including the CDC and MSF. There were 318 cases and 280 deaths, an 88% case fatality rate. [36]World Health Organization. Wear protective clothing and follow infection control recommendations when caring for an infected person. Before https://www.who.int/emergencies/disease-outbreak-news/item/ebola-virus-disease-democratic-republic-of-the-congo-draft. CDC Issues Level 3 travel Warnings for West Africa. 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