Most of them were generated from the Sagiang Fault Zone of Myanmar, as mentioned, 1) 23rd May 1912 2) 23rd May 1912 3) 8th August 1929 4) 5th May 1930 5) 3rd December 1930 6) 4th December 1930 7) 4th December 1930 8) 21st March 1954 9) 8th October 2006 10) 12th December 2006. In order not to be biased by this effect, the Modified Mercalli scale attempts to allow for varying effects on different types of construction. from publication: Damage Observations Following the Mw 7.8 2016 Kaikoura A Modified Mercalli Intensity of six is abbreviated as MMI 6. On this scale, intensities up to 5 are felt but cause no damage, while intensities from 6 to 12 cause increasing amounts of damage. Pictures fall off walls. % The intensity scale consists of a series of certain key responses such Figure 1, Table 1, Figure 1. Ground cracked noticeably. The most important thing to remember is the fact that in the Richter scale, wave amplitudes are taken into account. Official websites use .gov With respect to seismic hazards, Myanmar is one of the earthquake-prone areas in Mainland Southeast Asia. What to do during an earthquake? at least one of the following criteria: caused deaths, caused moderate damage (approximately Limestone facing stone falling off of the Geology Building killed two students trying to escape from the building. Common Alerting Protocol Frankfort, KY: "Heavy furniture was moved around in some stores and homes, and some shops reported broken windows., 10. How much bigger was it? Thehighernumbers of the scale are based on observed structural damage. Global Significant Earthquake Database. The last isoseismal map in Myanmar gathered in this study is from the Mawlaik earthquake on 21st March 1954, western Myanmar, which had a magnitude of an assumed 7.0 Richter and generated a ground shaking of VII-VIII on the MMI scale. A measure of earthquake intensity. '", 14. Besides the Sumatra-Andaman Subduction Zone in the western part, Myanmar also has own great strike-slip active faults called the Sagiang Fault Zone [2]. Landslides. III: Noticeable indoors, especially on upper Learn how to calculate the duty cycle of a periodic system with Omni's duty cycle calculator: insert what you know, and we'll do the math! Rating earthquakes helps engineers determine which ones are going to cause the most damage so they can warn people in advance. After that, on 5th May 1930, a Mw-7.3 earthquake occurred again in southern Myanmar, generating a maximum MMI level of IX. Also, by typing "1" into any field in the "Energy release equivalent" section, you can check what's the equivalent magnitude for a chosen energy release event for example, one Nagasaki bomb released the energy of a 6.1 magnitude earthquake! PS: We do not share personal information or emails with anyone. Here is a photograph of Giuseppe Mercalli, the inventor of Recorded by seismographs. Unstable objects overturned. Can you think of any examples? The Modified Mercalli intensity scale ( MM, MMI, or MCS ), developed from Giuseppe Mercalli 's Mercalli intensity scale of 1902, is a seismic intensity scale used for measuring the intensity of shaking produced by an earthquake. Some walls may fall. Earthquake templates. Copyright ? II: Felt by a few people, especially on upper floors. It can be labeled the "Mercalli Scale." evaluating historic earthquakes, where written records Historical documents indicate that a severe earthquake occurred somewhere in the Midwest, and the effects were felt over a wide area. Serious damage. Most masonry and frame structures and their foundations destroyed. Poplar Bluff, MO: "Even commuters driving to work felt the severe quake", 24. AAA and DDD are calculated thanks to complex mathematical models predicted by seismograms. Difficult to stand. Do you agree with this alignment? The preliminary relationship between the MMI and PGA is reported to be a function of log10(PGA) = 0.2526MMI 3.1006. Nested under units are lessons (in purple) and hands-on activities (in blue). Owen Hall (Grades To know more about this fascinating topic, make sure to check out this excellent video by IRIS Earthquake Science Moment Magnitude Explained: What Happened to the Richter Scale? Information, NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database, Natural Hazards Map Viewer - Significant Earthquakes Layer, Information This is a web site through which The earthquake magnitude calculator shows not only the energy but also. <> Vibrations are similar to those caused by the passing of light trucks. may shake. Intensity ratings It is constant for specific types of rock; DDD Average fault displacement (cm); the distance one block is relocated; and. Fall of plaster, loose bricks, stones, tiles, cornices. exist. IX. Intensity scales date from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, before seismographs capable of accurate measurement of ground motion were developed. Bridges destroyed. It's actually a much broader term. ", 17. WebDownload scientific diagram | Simulated values of Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MMI) and PGV. (ed. We use a grading scale in school when we get an A, B or C. Some schools use a numeric grading system for the same level of work, where an A is equal to a 4, a B to a 3, and so on. of Commerce, ICSU-WDS > International Council for Science - World Data System. The scale was developed at the turn of the century by the Italian volcanologist G. Mercalli, and subsequently revised by American seismologists H.O. From the isoseismal maps described above, the individual area of each MMI level was gridded with a spacing of 1 1 km to measure the source-to-site-distances that the seismic wave traveled and was attenuated over. NCEI launched publicly on April 22, 2015. Tonga, Fiji, or another island country in the Pacific probably have the most earthquakes when it comes to earthquakes per area**. Modified Mercalli Intensity - SLU Prentice Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, 653. The Rossi-Forel scale is relatively old, has values from 1 to 10, and is still used in some countries. You may have heard that a 5.8 earthquake hit Alaska recently. "', 7. and Yamazaki, F. (2001) A proposal of instrumental seismic intensity scale compatible with MMI evaluated from three-component acceleration records. *The NGSS logo is a registered trademark of WestEd. Suggest a house or building that has been damaged by an earthquake or a picture of the Earth shaking. Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale - A copy of the Can they think of examples where something has a rating or a level? Krinitzsky, E.L. and Chang, F.K. Felt by many indoors, few outdoors. This scale is composed of 12 increasing levels of intensity based Single copies of this publication may be obtained Apart from the fact the scale was intended to be for a specific area only, seismographs from that period weren't as sensitive as they are today they could measure only certain frequencies, meaning that low frequencies were lost, and large earthquakes were underestimated. In the article below, you'll learn about the different measures of an earthquake: from the famous Richter scale to the currently used moment magnitude scale and Mercalli scale, which is an intensity scale describing the effects of the phenomenon. WebA new 3-D earthquake simulator with a vibrating platform approximately 7 by 4 meters, has recently been. Considerable damage to specially built structures, buildings shifted off foundations. Check out the antipode calculator to learn more! I. Act, 2015, Public Law 113-235. A modified version of his scale is still in use today. Wholesale destruction. The one currently used in the United States is the Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale developed in 1931. %ylLo.l,2OF$ZyM37M;I!G1/iDeQzVcW8 LrX5jQgAuFov0h{5Nf~B!V*F_`xsT` >,t2}2\PP'Xs5Z:o#W'NTYkGYx+@-{$o_G+XTP7~YF0es FD LBh6_-';mZL'}A%opo &tlUW49"p@ 'V~uR731k]WAErtJ0PeQU7U'M[.mU|mj^uGi}ad>`DRBT>}^Zj# ", 22. ground. The most familiar of these is the Richter scale - related 790 E. Kirkwood Avenue ), check out this current USGS earthquakes map. (Grade 4), Design solutions by safely using tools, materials, and skills. Kawasumi, H. (1951) Measures of earthquake danger and expectancy of maximum intensity throughout Japan as inferred from the seismic activity in historical times. ", 15. The Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale | U.S. Geological Survey [6] and Pailoplee et al. on observed effects. To this end, based on the published probabilistic seismic hazard map of the Yangon area, central Myanmar ([13], the maps were evaluated by using the strong ground-motion attenuation relationship of Boore et al. Engineers work very hard to protect humans from the potentially dangerous force of earthquakes. ", 2. The Seismology Research Centre is a division of, Rarely felt, usually only on top floors of high buildings, Windows, dishes, doors rattle. Free K-12 standards-aligned STEM curriculum for educators everywhere. Felt by a few people, especially on upper floors. Bulletin of the International Association of Engineering Geology, 4, 425-435. Use of the TeachEngineering digital library and this website constitutes acceptance of our Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. This offers the possibility of transforming readily observed intensity data into widely used engineering ground-motion characteristics and to rapidly assess the severity of ground shaking [1]. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS), DOC/NOAA/NESDIS/NCEI > National Centers for Environmental Information, NESDIS, NOAA, Global Significant Earthquake Database. <>>> At each location assign What city is closest to your estimated epicenter for this earthquake? Because the entire range of observed effects is not capable of simple quantitative definition, the strength of the shaking is commonly estimated by reference to intensity scales that describe the effects in qualitative terms. Japan, however, is the country where we detect the most earthquakes (because of its dense seismic grid). Gebrder Borntr- ger, Berlin. and Fumal, T.E. Secure .gov websites use HTTPS In comparison with these, the MMI-PGA relationship for Myanmar reported here illustrates that in the same engineering ground-motion level, that is the same PGA level, the MMI of Myanmar is reported at a lower level than those for the other region until level V. Figure 2. VII. within the limits of the current state of the art, NOAA cannot assume liability for Hand sanitizer will be available, and social distancing is encouraged at the festival so you can have fun safely exploring dozens of amazing science activities, both indoor and out! After this activity, students should be able to: Each TeachEngineering lesson or activity is correlated to one or more K-12 science, Cite as: National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Humans cannot eliminate the hazards but can take steps to reduce their impacts. Significant damage was reported to tracks at the new railroad yard. a project of D2L (www.achievementstandards.org). Evansville, IN: "The smokestack of the Sterling Brewery collapsed in downtown Evansville. This is a public event. Today, we are going to look at the Mercalli Scale's damage rating and create a booklet to help inform citizens of potential danger. =\YUgeFY#r\Qsa7`og:_:U7h|3o bR9c[O?qCvm(3yoQ^JJ[6t^C5b&jk$ox*o u&l[j}psjs.vBt/T@U_t/GONY|LP +:i.&TpN;0gM[URRY" Felt by many indoors, few outdoors. WebModified Mercalli Intensity Scale CREDIT: Northern Illinois University Earthquake magnitude measures the strength of an earthquake, or the amount of energy that is released. 812-855-5809. or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty. Proceedings of the 5th World Conference Earthquake Engineering, Santiago, 13-18 January 1969. 3 0 obj Explain the different levels of the Mercalli Scale using words or pictures. 13.5: Lab Exercise (Part A) - Geosciences LibreTexts Objects thrown into the air. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences, 24, 79-89. Indiana University, 1. If the earthquake was associated with a tsunami or volcanic eruption, it is flagged These earthquakes generated MMI values in the range of II-VI levels that fulfill the macroseismic investigation for low MMI levels. (1999) TriNet Shakemaps: rapid generation of peak ground motion and intensity maps for earthquakes in southern California. Bender, F. (1983) Geology of Burma. $1 million or more), magnitude 7.5 or greater, Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) X In this study, the previously reported isoseismal maps are compiled and used to carefully investigate the macroseismic intensity in terms of the Modified Mercalli Intensity (MMI) scale, based on the engineering ground-motion parameter, as the peak ground acceleration (PGA), inferred from the ground-motion attenuation characteristic of Myanmar. We understand that enormous energy values expressed in joules are not very intuitive or informative, so we have chosen a few earthquake energy equivalents if you've ever wondered what magnitude of earthquake an atomic bomb or volcanic eruption is equivalent to, this earthquake magnitude calculator has the answer. Grey thin lines illustrate the earthquake faults based on Bender et al. Crawl under a sturdy table/desk if nearby. Modified Mercalli scale of earthquake intensity, Observation and interpretation of precursory phenomena, Exploration of the Earths interior with seismic waves, 6 of the Worlds Deadliest Natural Disasters. All 100,000+ K-12 STEM standards covered in TeachEngineering are collected, maintained and packaged by the Achievement Standards Network (ASN), The JMA (Japan Meteorological Agency) scale from 1 to 7 is used in Japan and Taiwan. Decayed pilings broken off. Thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok. Empirically, the macroseismic intensity is most frequently related to the PGA because this engineering ground-motion parameter is the most commonly correlated parameter to structural damage and it is important for seismic resistant structure design [12]. Pairs Check/Sharing with the Community: Have students share their booklets with a partner or the person next to them. WebStep 1 Type the name of the city and the state of the hypothetical earthquake, and then click "Center". If you're interested in the latest earthquakes in your region or only the most recent earthquakes (as they are happening all the time! Log In or Register. Small objects moved. The descriptions below are a simplified version of the New Zealand Modified Mercalli Intensity scale. Thipyopass, S. (2010) Paleoearthquake investigation along the ranong fault zone, southern Thailand. Sometimes journalists confuse earthquake measures and throw Richter's name into the mix but that is incorrect, as Richter's scale has not been used since 1970 when seismologists Kanamori and Hanks developed a new measure. The magnitude (size) of an earthquake is based on Layer the three pieces of white copy paper in one stack with one piece of construction paper on top for the cover. Modified Mercalli intensity scale - WikiMili, The Best Wikipedia Reader Since that time, the divisions in these scales have been associated with measurable accelerations of the local ground shaking. Weak chimneys broken at roof line. Wholesale destruction. within type by subtype, then by grade, etc. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. ", 19. May not be recognized as an earthquake. The areas of equal intensity, referred to as isoseismals, tend to form irregular bullseye patterns, with the center of the bulls eye, and the highest intensities, experienced at or near the earthquake epicenter. Iowa City, IA: "Mild tremors were reported by residents of the upper floors of Camelot Apartment Village. Some heavy furniture moved, some plaster falls. Chapter 12 The database is now updated regularly from sources such as U.S. Earthquake, 17, 711-723. Photographs will be taken throughout the day. Bridges destroyed. Fall of stucco and some masonry walls. Did you notice that 3 out of the 12 most powerful earthquakes were in Chile? Difficult to stand. The strongly correlated MMI-PGA relationship obtained in this study, if confirmed, will be particularly useful in real-time applications for damage prediction or engineering parameter determination when an earthquake occurs in or nearby to Myanmar. endobj of a file originally created to produce the World Map of Significant Earthquakes 1900 Solicit, integrate and summarize student responses. It is a 12-point scale, ranging from sites that experience barely perceptible vibration (MM I) to those that experience total devastation (MM XII). The European (MSK) scale of 12 grades is similar to the abridged version of the Mercalli. Review the purpose of the Mercalli Scale with the students, as described in the Introduction/Motivation section. Isolated damage, Difficult to stand. Copyright 2023 The Trustees of 5), Analyze and interpret data identifying ways Earth's surface is constantly changing through a variety of processes and forces such as plate tectonics, erosion, deposition, solar influences, climate, and human activity This is a complete binder of activities for Grades K-6. 135-138. Trees and poles may shake. Counts toward Master of Disaster badge. Few structures standing. Financial support is acknowledged from the Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University through the Thai Government Stimulus Package 2 (TKK2555: PERFECTA); The National Research University Project of CHE; and the Ratchadaphiseksomphot Endowment Fund (Project Code CC508B).

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