Weiss (1983) argues that Parsonss 1937 interpretation of Weber resulted in a prescriptive understanding of bureaucracy and concludes that Weber was never trying to give advice on how best to structure organizations (p. 247). For example, research on red tape (Bozeman 2000), green tape (DeHart-Davis 2009; , 2017), and rule behavior such as rule bending (Borry 2017; DeHart-Davis 2007) all relate to bureaucracys principles of written rules. a. conformity subjects chose to conform to the incorrect responses of Asch's assistants over onehalf (50 percent) of the time d. a greater emphasis on sharing information . Gruskin, S., D. Bogecho, and L. Ferguson. a. b. Access: A HRBA prescribes equal access to resources and information. Moreover, bureaucracys focus on efficiency and technical rationality is compatible with just three of the four important values in public administration: efficiency, economy, and effectiveness. Thus, there seems an implicit assumption that bureaucracy is the idealthat is, bestway to organize or understand public organizations, even though Webers ideal served as a description of typical characteristics. Self-fulfilling prophecy c. anticipatory socialization d. Expressive Hunt, P., A. Ely Yamin, and F. Bustreo. d. repetitive paradigm, A(n) __________ is a number of people who may never have met one another but share a similar characteristic (such as education level, age, race, or gender). a. Subscribe to INQUIRER PLUS to get access to The Philippine Daily Inquirer & other 70+ titles, share up to 5 gadgets, listen to the news, download as early as 4am & share articles on social media. totalitarian c. hierarchy of authority b. These bureaucrats are more likely to be those who are risk-takers and have nonconformist personalities. We did not focus on how government bureaucracies further (or hinder) human rights implementation as they serve the public or how bureaucracies that are tasked with safeguarding human rights do so. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Public Management Research Association. While using a HRBA in a public setting has not been the focus of these analyses, it seems safe to assume that similar outcomes would present themselves for bureaucracies. a. (Hint: First determine which are the independent and dependent variables.). The focus on technical proficiency and specialization from a structural standpoint has human rights implications, as well. However, adopting a HRBA approach can offer important opportunities. All of these measures directly relate to the discussions on merit, neutrality, and rules discussed above. Which of these sociologists applied ideal type analysis and borrowed from the field of economics to study bureaucracies? Duty holder is usually the state as it is defined by international law (e.g., countries such as the USA or Mexico). a. postmodern theorists a greater emphasis on sharing information. b. b. In the early 1980s, there was a movement in the u.s. to humanize Analyses of a HRBA applied in the private sector show that addressing human rights concerns can be profitable and enhance the business reputation, attractiveness, and recognition, increase employee productivity, open new markets and investor opportunities, and create a more stable work environment with less production delays and increased ability to attract the most qualified and motivated employees (Amis, Brew, and Ersmarker 2005; Ruggie 2011). d. Groupthink, Social psychologist __________ examined group decision making among political experts and found that major blunders in U.S. history may be attributed to pressure toward group conformity. d. secondary group, Political parties, ecological activist groups, religious organizations, parent-teacher associations, and college sororities and fraternities are examples of __________ organizations. Rather, public organizations structured by rules are likely to have red tape. T/F Wanda is a student who works as a part-time waitress at a local restaurant. ___________ refers to a violation of law or the commission of a status offense (such as cutting school or running away from home) by young people. 0, A(n) __________ is a collection of two or more people who interact frequently with one another, share a sense of belonging, and have a feeling of interdependence. For example, we focused largely on five of the six characteristics of bureaucracy and followed them up with just a few relevant streams of research. a reduction in the amount of informal activity The text uses the expression "bureaucracy's other face" to refer to _________. Freedom of association needs to be granted for participation to be successful. Alternatively, women and people of color rely upon the rules to solidify their status and power; they use the rules from the start. Applying the terms for problems that are frequent within bureaucracy, this is an example of __________. aggregate From Rishi's perspective, the reading group is an example of a(n) __________. there was a movement to humanize bureaucracy (to establish an . Talcott Parsons He also loves taking pictures of public facilities that bear signs of chronic neglect, even as he marvels at the endless patience of Filipinos who seem not to notice. The cases of Anna and Genie are presented in the text in order to illustrate the point that_____________________________. Ingraham (2006) similarly posits that merit (as a value) must be separated from bureaucratic processes. Which of these is not one of them?. In addition, organizations can be cognizant about the way that specialization and hierarchy (and thus, centralization of decision making) can reduce employee agency and empowerment. Conflict theorists Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR). d. aggregate, Which of these sociologists applied ideal type analysis and borrowed from the field of economics to study bureaucracies? helping employees focus on work b. The company is subject to a 40% tax rate and must pay$64,000 in preferred stock dividends before distributing any earnings on this research raises some questions concerning research ethics, In Stanley Milgram's experiments, none of the "teachers" challenged the process before they had applied __________ volts. a. __________ size refers to the number of potential members a group has. d. 225, People do not voluntarily become members of __________ organizations. 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Decisions are made on behalf of the people by leaders who engage in a process of bargaining, accommodation, and compromise, A _____ is a currently valued style of behavior, thinking, or appearance that is longer lasting and more widespread than a fad, A homeless man appears at the door of a shelter 10 minutes after the deadline for intake. As Pandey and Kinglsey (2000) note, early work on red tape investigated the system; they introduced a social psychological model that considers the red tape and individual employeesthis parallels bureaucracys focus on systems and subsequent critiques calling for the inclusion of people. a. Max Webers theory of bureaucracy (1946)1 helps explain how organizations are structured for the goal of efficiency. d. expressive, A(n) __________ is an organizational model characterized by a hierarchy of authority, a clear division of labor, explicit rules and procedures, and impersonality in personal matters. 5 Free According to many _____ theorists, popular culture serves a significant . Please try again. Elton Mayos Hawthorne studies of the 1920s first set out to understand whether lighting conditions affected worker productivity; what they found was that employees performed better when they felt a part of a team and that their work was important to the organization and its leaders (Roby 2012). a. trained incapacity ingroup ingroups Social a. Expectations for employee performance should shift attention away from the traditional focus on efficiency, outputs, and service delivery to consider the human rights-friendliness of practice. c. secondary group Compliance with red tape can have some negative outcomes on both individual and organizational performance. And yet, it is not uncommon to stumble upon examples of humane and professional public service that pleasantly astound those who have become cynical about dealing with government. Implementing an HRBA approach means a first step in compliance with essential international human rights standards, such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination, the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and other international human rights laws. d. authoritarian, __________ leadership is most appropriate when the group's purpose is to complete a task or reach a particular goal. They talk daily about each other's grandchildren, share grocery shopping trips, and offer each other advice. d. may encourage social cohesion among group members, d. may encourage social cohesion among group members, In his study of conformity, Solomon Asch found that __________. Expressive A kind word for Theory X: Or why so many newfangled management techniques quickly fail. part of the movement to humanize bureaucracy includes. In discussing primary and secondary groups, the text points out that ___________________. A. strengthening existing hierarchical structures. Cognitive Psychology - Memory. Notably, we acknowledge that human rights are afforded not just to bureaucratsor employeesbut also to those that bureaucracies serve, but focus our critique on how the HRBA applies to those within the bureaucracy. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) offers human rights indicators to measure progress toward human rights implementation in various areas (OHCHR 2012). A(n) __________ is an abstract model that describes the recurring characteristics of some phenomenon (such as bureaucracy). A HRBA approach requires that the individual themselves will be put at the center of attention, and a persons attributes and personal situation be taken into account. Hierarchy adds to the layers of management, with more layers placing lower-level employees further and further from top-level management, while more centralization reduces the amount of decision-making power held by those lower-level employees. Which of the following is NOT one of these concepts? a. Sociologist __________ coined the terms ingroup and outgroup to describe people's feelings toward members of their own and other groups. c. dyad Agency by underrepresented groups: A HRBA allows underserved groups to mobilize and claim their entitlements. b. Human rights indicators: A guide to measurement and implementation. outgroup d. Karl Marx, We voluntarily join __________ organizations when we want to pursue some common interest or gain personal satisfaction or prestige from being a member.

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