15:1 And the Spirit of God came upon Azariah the son of Oded: Accessed May 23, 2021.http://www.nonprofitpages.com/elm/chs_comfort.htm. It is the collective spirit of the human race. rev2023.5.1.43405. Ferguson continues that the Ruach (Spirit) enlightens our minds to enable to us know, see, grasp and apply the will and purposes of God. The Ruach reminds us of Jesus words in the gospels, leads us to truth in the epistles and shows us the things to come in Revelation. New International Version, r'fuah sh'leimah | Reform Judaism Some are of the black letters; their place in Torah is clear. And Yahweh said to him, How? New American Standard Bible 2020, Luke-Acts It holds their life and purpose. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Wherever this word ruach appears in the Hebrew, the translation of it is highlighted with bold and yellow. But when it comes to fine nuances, it is important to isolate the. ( 7321 ). Therefore it is called in our language by three names: nefesh, ruach and neshamah. Hebrew Names for God - Ruach HaKodesh 10:5 And the meat of his table, and the sitting of his servants, and the attendance of his ministers, and their apparel, and his cupbearers, and his ascent by which he went up to the house of Yahweh; there was no more spirit in her. 18:22 Now therefore, behold, Yahweh has put a lyingspirit in the mouth of these your prophets, and Yahweh has spoken evil against you. If you have benefited from reading this study, then please tell your friends about this website. The Holy Spirit a Comforter. http://www.nonprofitpages.com/elm/chs_comfort.htm. "wherein there is a living soul" (nefesh) (Gen. i. 21:5 But Jezebel his wife came to him, and said to him, Why is your spirit so sad, that you eat no bread? | Abarim Publications Theological Dictionary (Old Testament Hebrew) This self-reference is a concept that comes up often when dealing with the concept of intelligence. The Ruach quickens us to the veracity of Scriptures, which are God breathed. The Bible translates the word Ruach into all of the aforementioned English words. xv. Historical Books This ancient tongue held the greatest spiritual truths that guided our lives through the ages. The first is Rav Saadia Gaon's (Emunos veDeios 6:3). Error: Passwords should have at least 6 characters, Error: Usernames should only contain letters, numbers, dots, dashes, or underscores. Because of these [seprable] abilities, the one who made it to be two parts erred, that one of them is in the heart and the other in the rest of the body. Embedded hyperlinks in a thesis or research paper. Modeh Ani - Wikipedia 23 And it came to pass, when the evil spirit from God was upon Saul, that David took a harp, and played with his hand: so Saul was refreshed, and was well, and the evil spirit departed from him. Tumah. GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation. Reysh is the picture of the head, which means master, or leader. The book may have been written primarily to Greek . Could a subterranean river or aquifer generate enough continuous momentum to power a waterwheel for the purpose of producing electricity? In this case, it is the Ruach which gives life, where previously there was none. Ruach (pronounced roo-akh) is the Hebrew word for spirit, breath, or wind. Ruach is the animator of life, its what allows things to move, and Neshema is the combination of Ruach and Nefesh. In the Tanakh, the word ruach generally means wind, breath, mind, spirit. The Holy Spirits Ministry. Ligonier Ministries. You may have been to therapy or had a deep conversation with a friend, but another person will never give you a complete picture of your situation. Thanks for contributing an answer to Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange! 31:3 And I have filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, and in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship, English Standard Version, Nefesh can mean either "breath" or something like "life force". It has nothing to do with "Husband-peer" vs "Husband-master." Study now. It signifies also that which remains of man after his death, and is (ruach) of life" (Gen. vii. - Universal Beginnings (Chuck Missler). To be the perfect self is to be perfect in ones relationships, the same three relationships. How different are the usage of the words within the context of "soul"? 14:6 And the Spirit of Yahweh came mightily upon him, and he tore him as he would have torn a kid, and he had nothing in his hand: but he did not tell his father or his mother what he had done. 4438 || 14:24 But my servant Caleb, because he had another spirit with him, and has followed me fully, him will I bring into the land into which he went; and his seed shall possess it. Our website uses cookies to store user preferences. Ruach, being intangible but present, also signifies consciousness and creative vitality that is unique to human creation. 6189 || Thinking animals have a nefesh. 1 Samuel 1:15 And Hannah answered and said, No, my lord, I am a woman of a sorrowful spirit: I have drunk neither wine nor strong drink, but have poured out my soul before Yahweh. Which reverse polarity protection is better and why? Which is why we want to teach you seven Hebrew words that will transform the way you read the Bible. People have often wondered how the nefesh and ruach can be different if they both think and feel emotion. Translation of Ezekiel 37:9 like many verses in the Bible, suffers from this inconsistency within one sentence itself. 2376 || The Nefesh haChaim, following a far older metaphor, breaks down both processes into three parts. When [the soul] is attached to the body, one can see it three abilities: rev2023.5.1.43405. FIRM is a global fellowship of Biblically-grounded believers committed to cultivating Messiah-centered relationships that bless the inhabitants of IsraelJews, Arabs, and othersand the Jewish community around the world. But the Wikipedia link summarizes how they're used in Kabbalah, where they do have very specific meanings. As for what this "breath of life" means, it is most likely the soul. Does the order of validations and MAC with clear text matter? The Old Testament 35:31 And he has filled him with the spirit of God, in wisdom, in understanding, and in knowledge, and in all manner of workmanship; Numbers 5:14 And the spirit of jealousy comes upon him, and he is jealous of his wife, and she is defiled: or if the spirit of jealousy come upon him, and he is jealous of his wife, and she is not defiled: "This is how you write COVID in Yiddish: . hebrew ezekiel context referent-identification Share What did the medium of En-dor mean by "god(s)" in 1 Samuel 28:13? Animals do not have a ruach with higher level thinking and consciousness. This verse reminds me of the way the ocean crashes over rocks at the shore. Is God Different in the Old and the New Testament? I would God that all Yahweh's people were prophets, and that Yahweh would put his spirit upon them! You can copy the order of your preferred Bible translations from the Bibles Tab to the Version Picker (this popup) or vice versa. pg 10b) of the following gemara: [The elders of the School of Athens said to Rabbi Yehoshua ben Chanania,] Build us a house in the air of the world. He pronounced a [Divine] Name, and [thereby] suspended himself between heaven and earth and said to them, Send me bricks and cement from down there. Its varied use almost defies analysis, but some emphases are discernible. Major Prophets This prayer serves the purpose of expressing gratitude to God for restoring one's soul each morning. Johannine Writings 24:2 And Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw Israel abiding in his tents according to their tribes; and the spirit of God came upon him. But oh, how wise the Holy Spirit is! = we shall cause it to come We can trust that the Ruach knows our whole story, our beginning middle and end. The Maharsha in his Chidushe Aggadot (Berachot 3A, d"h "Mishmorah Rishonah Chamor") says almost the exact same thing. = translated as "prophet". GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation, Select a Beginning Point Thus, it would be logical to conclude that in Ezekiel 37, as the bodies return to life when the is placed inside of them, this is the same "breath of life." 39) wherein is the breath IF you are, then you are the type of people who wish to deprive G'd of a partner who is His equal. And he said, You shall not send. 6662 || Where Are the 600,000 Letters of the Torah? - Chabad.org lxxviii. Join the 28,126 who get encouraging articles, an exclusive insider view, and connect with what God is doing in Israel every week. Short story about swapping bodies as a job; the person who hires the main character misuses his body, Horizontal and vertical centering in xltabular. And the Identity is listening for the counterpart signature to verify/validate themselves. 29). And Elisha said, I pray you, let a double portion of your spirit be upon me. Spurgeon, Charles. The Ruach (Spirit), in the words of Sinclair Ferguson, does not add information about Jesus, He simply opens our eyes to see who He really is.. The Hebrew ruah when used in reference to God, has The 600,000 letters correspond to the 600,000 souls of Israel. wayyomer elay hinnabe el-haruah hinnabe He is our comforter, our counselor and our helper. Minor Prophets Page 1 / 7 (Gen 1:21Sa 10:10), 1. Blue Letter Bible is a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization, . Minor Prophets I'm learning and will appreciate any help. 22:22 And Yahweh said to him, How? hebrew - Nefesh, neshama and ruach as words for "soul" - Mi Yodeya This page surveys the Hebrew Names and Titles for God the Holy Spirit, Ruach Hako'desh, as found in the Brit Chadashah. A shofar is a ram's horn that is blown in synagogue on Rosh Hashanah and every day during Elul, the Hebrew month that precedes Rosh Hashanah.It is also blown at the conclusion of Yom Kippur. G'd wants us to develop the capability/technology to have eternal life. Historical Books John 3:16, Jesus faith love), Select a Beginning Point G'd wants the human race to be His equal. We know the Bible can be hard to understand and you want to get more out of it. 19th Century preacher Charles Spurgeon writes about the power and efficacy of the Ruachs comfort in times of need and sorrow: Sometimes, when we go and visit people we mistake their disease, we want to comfort them on this point. The collective spirit of the human race is told to play-god, in this Ezekiel passage. CV. a sensible (or even violent) exhalation; figuratively, life, anger, unsubstantiality; by extension, a region of the sky; by resemblance spirit, but only of a rational being (including its expression and functions):air, anger, blast, breath, cool, courage, mind, quarter, side, spirit(-ual), tempest, vain, (whirl-) wind(-y). According to Rav Saadia Gaon, there is one indivisible soul, but it has three sets of abilities -- the emotions that draw us to people and things (desire), those that drive us away from them (anger), and thought. At that encounter, the scales fall from his eyes and his sight is restored. 7901 || Wherever this word ruach appears in the Hebrew, the translation of it is highlighted with bold Strong's Hebrew: 7307. (ruach) -- breath, wind, spirit GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation, Select an Ending Point T'ruah: Give a Joyful SHOUT - Hebrew Word Lessons Webster's Bible, 18:20 Then there came out a spirit, and stood before Yahweh, and said, I will entice him. 5162 || The tube connects the glassblower and his work. Scripture was originally written for the ears, not the eyes, so "Ruach Ha Kodesh" does not sound the same as The "Holy Spirit" the Religious Spirit. 1934 || The word is breathed by God. the breath of the spirit of life), of all that were in the dry land, died. To obtain a true Biblical Judaism believes in a young Earth. Westminster Leningrad Codex, 19:11 And he said, Go forth, and stand upon the mount before Yahweh. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. In this sense the Greek Word Studies Index. 10:6 And the Spirit of Yahweh will come upon you, and you shall prophesy with them, and shall be turned into another man. For the message must be similar to the metaphor. It is hinted in the name "nefesh" that is has the power of desire, "for the taavah of your nefesh" (Devarim 12:20), "his nefesh was satisfied of desire" (Iyov 33:20). The ruach has the ability to decide, and thus the concept of Free Will. If you would like to, you are always welcomed to make reference to the Hebrew text, like the BHS, (though it is optional, you may kindly provide its transliteration for the convenience of English readers), rather than a proposed translation of an original word, like I did: , ra and , YHWH. . By all means, you may also choose your own English translation instead of the YLT in my original post, provided that you kindly specify your translation (whether you provide your own translation or an English translation of your own choosing), as I will look into it, and then attempt to answer the question on-topic. 22): "Thou wilt not deliver me unto the will (be-nefesh) of my enemies" (Ps. 30:12 And they gave him a piece of a cake of figs, and two clusters of raisins: and when he had eaten, his spirit came again to him: for he had eaten no bread, nor drunk any water, three days and three nights. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? 6664 || This Hebrew word study uses a Greek Unicode font and the Hebrew Unicode font "David" which comes with later versions [R. Yehushua] said, Can anyone find the ability to build a house in the air?, The Gaon explains that the house in the air is clearly a reference to the ruach, suspended between heaven and earth. As software can be transferred from one computer through a network to another computer, when you physically die, your ruach will be transferred from your hardware brain through the logos (universal neural network) to either Heaven (New Jerusalem) or Hell (the grave Place of Torment, and later the Lake of Holy Spirit Fire). Please see Blue Letter Bible's Privacy Policy for cookie usage details. 8:1 And God remembered Noah, and every living thing, and all the cattle that was with him in the ark: and God made a wind to pass over the earth, and the waters subsided; provide answers that don't require clarification from the asker, New blog post from our CEO Prashanth: Community is the future of AI, Improving the copy in the close modal and post notices - 2023 edition. 7676 || Some accuse us of Gnosticism by our reasoning. 9:23 Then God sent an evil spirit between Abimelech and the men of Shechem; and the men of Shechem dealt treacherously with Abimelech: Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. "A breath (ruach) that passeth away, Instead, he blessed them. (Number 24:2). When we study the breath of the mouth of the worker into the glass container when he makes it, we find in it three concepts. So let's not even apply this defective theory anywhere. This passage makes it clear that something becomes a living being when the "breath of life" is breathed into it. Although there are many more than 600,000 Jews, there are 600,000 general souls which divide into the individual sparks that become each of our souls. 1), that is, I had no pleasure in them, I did not wish to preserve them. For each Name, I include some Scriptural references. Does anyone have a proof text that animals *don't* have spirits? It's not them. And the Spirit of God moved upon the face of the waters. We cannot live without taking a breath of life. GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation, Use semicolons to separate groups: 'Gen;Jdg;Psa-Mal' or 'Rom 3-12;Mat 1:15;Mat 5:12-22', * 'Number Delimiters' only apply to 'Paragraph Order', There are options set in 'Advanced Options', The Whole Bible 1933 || Translations available: But the meaning that we should pay closest attention to is spirit. Inanimate objects (such as rocks) have only this. The the Vilna Gaon is in his discussion (Peirush al Kamah Agados, Koenigsburg ed. Morphological Greek New Testament, and Neshama is the higher level soul which is connected directly to Gd, it exists only in humans. 4191 || Therefore, frequent Evangelical Christian accusations of Jews having forgotten how to verbally pronounce the Name is not only deliberately vindictive, they also demonstrate their abject lack in understanding the reason for the Name/Identity of G'd. Currently on page 1/7 (Gen 1:21Sa 10:10) Why did the angel of the LORD (YHWH) asked YHWH for information and receive comforting words in Zechariah 1:12 -13? This is an aspect of the nefesh as a whole. Used in modern Hebrew as "get well soon." Health and Wellness. Ruach (pronounced roo-akh) is the Hebrew word for spirit, breath, or wind. 22:16 And the channels of the sea appeared, the foundations of the world were discovered, at the rebuking of Yahweh, at the blast of the breath of his nostrils. 8:3 God has delivered into your hands the princes of Midian, Oreb and Zeeb: and what was I able to do in comparison of you? His poems, written in Hebrew, have been translated into 40 languages, and entire volumes of his work have been published in English, French, German, Swedish, Spanish, and Catalan. And Hashem G-d formed man of dirt from the ground and He breathed into his nostrils a living neshamah; and the man became a living nefesh. "And the spirit (ruach) shall return Both words are commonly used in passages referring to the Holy Spirit. It happens through the power of Ruach Gods breath within us. YLT: And He saith unto me: 'Prophesy unto the Spirit [ , ra ], prophesy, son of man, and thou hast said unto the Spirit [ , ra ]: Thus said the Lord Jehovah: From the four winds come in, O Spirit [ , ra ], and breathe on these slain, and they do live.' Thank you! Minor Prophets Source for ability to speak before Neshama, Difference between the words zachor and pakad. Johannine Writings I wish to add two more positions to the discussion. If you have a website of your own, then please consider linking to this website. Ananias lays hands on him, the Ruach HaKodesh, the Holy Spirit, falls on Paul. 19:23 And he went there to Naioth in Ramah: and the Spirit of God was upon him also, and he went on, and prophesied, until he came to Naioth in Ramah. Prophets The Apostle Paul writes in Romans 8:11 an encouragement to the believers in Rome, and to us today: If the Spirit of him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, he who raised Christ Jesus from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through his Spirit who dwells in you.. He takes the soul, lays it on the table, and dissects it in a moment; He finds out the root of the matter, He sees where the complaint is. The third, lowest, idea, is when the breath goes from the tube and into the glass, and inflates in it until it becomes a container to fit the will of the glass-blower, then his wind stops and is called nefesh, a term of rest and relaxation. elements. Now, dont miss thatPaul is saying that the Spirit who arrives like the unstoppable power of a rushing tide, which resurrected Messiah Jesus from the dead, lives in YOU, today! 10:10 And when they came there to the hill, behold, a company of prophets met him; and the Spirit of God came upon him, and he prophesied among them. where they seem to have a similar meaning, and then meditating even more. 41:8 And it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled; and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt, and all its wise men: and Pharaoh told them his dream; but there was none who could interpret them to Pharaoh. 30). The Gospels I go further, by holding that the tetra-alefbetic Name is the multidimensional Identity of the LORD. [1] [2] The Hebrew noun um'ah, meaning "impurity", describes a state of ritual impurity. xxxviii. 21:16 Moreover Yahweh stirred up against Jehoram the spirit of the Philistines, and of the Arabians, that were near the Ethiopians: winds) were the porters, toward the east, west, north, and south. Which means that when we read our Bible, we may not always realize that in Hebrew these verses had something very important in common. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. Orthodox Isaiah 63:10 They rebelled and grieved his Ruach Ha Kodesh. You misunderstand the context of Hosea 2:16. Hebrew Word Studies || Outside of Kabbalah, Nefesh is the life force of any living being. It appears 389 times in the Old Testament. Judges 3:10 And the Spirit of Yahweh came upon him, and he judged Israel, and went out to war: and Yahweh delivered Chushanrishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand; and his hand prevailed against Chushanrishathaim. 1242 || Its clear that the role of mitzvos between man and himself are not given the same central role in Jewish discourse as those between man and G-d and between man and other people. I see no Scripture support for a person to prophesy to or to command a divine spirit to do something, or am I missing something? And likewise, any compassion we may have for others will be limited by us simply not having walked a mile in their shoes. 23:2 The Spirit of Yahweh spoke by me, and his word was in my tongue. Not sure about neshema and how it differs from nefesh. Early Concepts: Two words in the Bible the Hebrew ruah and the Greek pneuma (?) bear the basic meaning of wind or breath, but are often translated as spirit. 11:6 And the Spirit of God came upon Saul when he heard those tidings, and his anger was kindled greatly. Meaning of Ruah | ruah and. Hebrew Names Version, [] NBA = Ni-VA = (nif-al) simple-passive of come 5315 || @avi Yes, the specification of the meaning "soul" definitely helped. 7585 || Yehuda Amichai is recognized as one of Israel's finest poets. 5:30 Or when the spirit of jealousy comes upon him, and he is jealous over his wife, and shall set the woman before Yahweh, and the priest shall execute upon her all this law. sure. 6:3 And Yahweh said, My spirit shall not always strive with man, for that he also is flesh: yet his days shall be a hundred and twenty years. 2722 || The meaning of the Hebrew word ruach is "breath," or "wind," or "spirit." In Scripture, the word is applied both to human beings and to God. 15). Ferguson, Sinclair. From this, the Shulchan Aruch deduces that every morning, God renews every person as a new creation. In relationship to living creatures, those with a nephesh chayaa living spirit, it is the Ruach that gives life. The role of the Word and Spirit are intimately entwined. For example, the Hebrew for 'breath' is Ruach. Short story about swapping bodies as a job; the person who hires the main character misuses his body, What are the arguments for/against anonymous authorship of the Gospels. Psalm 33:6 says, by the word of theLORDthe heavens were made, and by the breath (ruach) of his mouth all their host. It denotes also," wind." This requires putting scriptures together Vav has the picture of an iron nail and means to fasten or secure two things together. rwach, roo'-akh; from H7306; wind; by resemblance breath, i.e. G'd does not want to give us eternal life. Major Prophets Genesis 1:2 And the earth was without form, and void; and darkness was upon the face of the deep. GenesisExodusLeviticusNumbersDeuteronomyJoshuaJudgesRuth1 Samuel2 Samuel1 Kings2 Kings1 Chronicles2 ChroniclesEzraNehemiahEstherJobPsalmsProverbsEcclesiastesSong of SongsIsaiahJeremiahLamentationsEzekielDanielHoseaJoelAmosObadiahJonahMicahNahumHabakkukZephaniahHaggaiZechariahMalachiMatthewMarkLukeJohnActsRomans1 Corinthians2 CorinthiansGalatiansEphesiansPhilippiansColossians1 Thessalonians2 Thessalonians1 Timothy2 TimothyTitusPhilemonHebrewsJames1 Peter2 Peter1 John2 John3 JohnJudeRevelation, Select an Ending Point So Samuel rose up, and went to Ramah. 18:12 And it shall come to pass, as soon as I am gone from you, that the Spirit of Yahweh shall carry you where I do not know; and so when I come and tell Ahab, and he cannot find you, he shall slay me: but I your servant fear Yahweh from my youth. The Bibles Tab is found in the Tools feature on Bible pages: Note: MLA no longer requires the URL as part of their citation standard. Unexpected uint64 behaviour 0xFFFF'FFFF'FFFF'FFFF - 1 = 0? So, what is the difference? and does not come again" (PS. By clicking Accept all cookies, you agree Stack Exchange can store cookies on your device and disclose information in accordance with our Cookie Policy. The LORD then says to me, to instruct the vector, he says "son of man, instruct the vector thus": You should/shall come from four directions, and immerse those who had been killed so that they shall live.

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