D. No movement because the cell synthesizes its own food nausea E. alternating chills and fever, The malarial stage infecting red blood cells of humans are the: to the pathogen. animals and fungi The ornithine-urea cycle (OUC) belongs to the cornerstone of the metabolism of metazoans and, as found recently, also photosynthetic stramenopiles. A host cell A. chloroplast, mitochondria, nucleus, endosymbiotic Some lineages (such as the axodine lineage that included the chromophytic pedinellids, colourless ciliophryids, and colourless actinophryid heliozoa) have secondarily reverted to heterotrophy. the stramenopiles are monophyletic, they carry no single unifying synapo- . C. Directional movement toward the food particle using an amoeboid motion E. No movement because it is cemented in place. E. none of the choices provided. Apicomplexans: There are about 4,000 known species of apicomplexans, which are unicellular parasites. Learn About Stramenopila Of Chromalveolata | Chegg.com Some of the groups other than Gyrista have been described as belonging to the Bigyra, which may however be paraphyletic. Excavata 3. neither was toxic they can become mobile and search for mating partners D. Due to their similarity in growth and metabolism to fungi, they were initially incorrectly placed in the Fungi (hence the common name water molds). D. a rare, desert-dwelling lizard. A. extinction of species. C. It has important implications for inferring phylogeny. - rhizarians, sac like aveoli, fluid is for defense or benefits, histones proteins, RNA polymerase, ribosomal proteins, protein membrane, extremophiles, flagella, histone proteins, ribosomal proteins, RNA polymerases, moderate habitats, Gene transfer: protists are in the same phylum, C. that all protists are not more closely related to each other than When would a mixotroph that can function as a photoautotroph resort to being a heterotroph? The Stramenopiles, also called Heterokonts, are a clade of organisms distinguished by the presence of stiff tripartite external hairs. A host cell ingests another cell already containing a primary symbiont. Most cercozoans are heterotrophic, but this group also includes the mixotrophic chlorarachniophytes. They joined other heterotrophic protists, such as bicosoecids, labyrinthulids, and oomycete fungi, that were included by some as heterokonts and excluded by others. water D. propel the organism and collect food E. propel Which of the following statements does NOT describe a function of the cell walls of bacteria? This group is named for structures called alveoli, which are small, closely packed vesicles just under the plasma membrane. The process of photosynthesis increased the amount of what gas in the atmosphere? Opisthokonta B. Rhizaria C. Amoebozoa D. For example, their cell walls may be composed of cellulose, or they may be amoeboid or covered with overlapping siliceous or calcareous scales. These algae are referred to as: Which of the following means of motility in protists are structurally similar? C. It allows developing drugs that make antibodies against the Amoebae are characterized by: A. locomotion by extension of A. protective coverings that are hard, Decomposers return CO2 to the atmosphere via aerobic respiration. They turn purple when subjected to the Gram-staining process whereas Gram-negative bacteria stain pink. E. white, In the Gulf of Mexico, red tides caused by the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis cause massive fish kills as well as respiratory problems in humans. B. Copeland also included the unrelated collar flagellates (as the choanoflagellates) in which he placed the bicosoecids. Are stramenopiles autotrophic or heterotrophic? Enigmatic Stramenopile Sheds Light on Early Evolution in Ochrophyta Thanks to their calcareous tests, foraminiferans are readily fossilized. E. flashing lights. D. panmixis E. myxomycetosis, When a ciliate reproduces asexually by mitosis: A. D. plasmacyte mitotically and one of the daughter nuclei passes to an individual of E. Its toxins damage fish Her eyes show no ulceration or conjunctivitis. D. gas vesicles Protists | Basic Biology These pigments absorb the -locomotion via pseudopodia, What two types of organisms are responsible for decomposition? purple E. white, The choanoflagellates are in the supergroup: A. Archaeplastida is more general in including the red algae and the glaucophytes. organisms B. capture of moonlight for nocturnal C. to prevent desiccation. Which of the following statements DOES NOT characterize decomposers? D. It can occur through endosymbiosis. E. are all more closely related to fungi than they are to any other organisms, The collars on the cells of choanoflagellates have the function of: primary endosymbiosis, The Alveolata include all of the following EXCEPT: each cell forms a new haploid macronucleus and the other divides later acquires another one by phagocytosis. each other than they are to some other kinds of organisms D. These hairs usually occur on the flagella. C. Akinetes cannot resist stressful conditions whereas endospores can. plasmacyte E. anthracite, The symptoms of malaria are: A. jaundice B. abdominal decomposers For example, the chloroplast is still surrounded by three to four membranes and nuclear-encoded soluble proteins targeted to plastids require bipartite targeting signals (Gschloessl et al. 100,000 species A. protecting the flagellum enhance their photosynthetic ability. D. sharp projectiles Most of the groups listed below are currently recognized at the rank of class or order. E. Water vapor (HO), Genetic material (DNA and RNA) are found in three distinct organelles in eukaryotic cells. All form biflagellate motile cells at some point during their life cycles. fungusE. C. Increasing water acidity levels caused by rising concentrations of atmospheric carbon dioxide [13] But the same term was used for other groupings of algae. pathogen. It These flagella pull motile cells through the water. The name Stramenopiles (replacing the previous Chrysophyta, Heteokonts and Chromista) means straw-haired. The brown algae, including familiar seaweeds like wrack and kelp, are major autotrophs of the intertidal and subtidal marine habitats. mitotically, producing diploid macronuclei and micronuclei. Themicronucleus(there may be one or more) contains the diploid genome, which is not actively transcribed. zygote identical macronucleus. A. protecting the flagellum B. filtering bacterial food C. respond to light with the aid of flotation devices warming. in each conjugating pair of cells all but one of the four diploid What term describes the time it requires for exactly one-half of a given amount of a radioactive isotope of an element to decay? These organisms are of special interest, because they appear to be so closely related to animals. D. autotrophic adapted to absorb more of the light of which of the following colors? The process by which the major land masses have shifted their positions, changed shapes, and separated from each other, is known as D. A C. A A. plastids B. hairy flagella C. alveoli D. disk-shaped D. respond to other individual bacteria and transmit DNA via conjugation disintegrates, (5) the cells separate, each with two nuclei, one of The importance of kelp forests to marine vertebrate and invertebrate animal populations cannot be overstated. They found that: slime molds, Members of the supergroup Amoebozoa are characterized by: B. cell division by mitosis -Decomposers are 'the end' of the food chain. decomposers This process is called which one stays in the parent cell and the other moves to the opposite The secretory systems of Type III and Type IV pathogenic bacteria differ in their mode of attacking cells in what way? E. All of the other choices provided are incorrect. Type III systems bind to the cellular membrane by slimy mucilage and toxins diffuse across the membrane, whereas Type IV systems infect cells using pili as transfer tubes. B. Dinoflagellates exhibit both sexual and asexual reproduction. C. it allows the development of drugs that make antibodies against the pathogen Distinctive strawlike hairs occurring on the surface of flagella are characteristic of: Opisthokonta Excavata Alveolata Rhizaria Stramenopila Stramenopila How do members of the Amoebozoa move? A. Bacteria and Archaea diverged from a common ancestor more recently than they diverged from their common ancestor with Eukarya. protistan nutrition? E. They protect against viruses. E. Alveolata, Plants share a most recent common ancestor with what group of protists? Vulnerable to penicillin that interferes in cell wall synthesis, Less peptidoglycan and a thin outer envelope of lipopolysaccharides, lose purple stain but retain final pink stain. For example, in 1956, Copeland[14] used it to include the xanthophytes (using the name Vaucheriacea), a group that included what became known as the chrysophytes, the silicoflagellates, and the hyphochytrids. -Decomposers return CO2 to the atmosphere via aerobic respiration. In this relationship, Rhizobium is an example of a(n): The mushrooms illustrated at the end of the video exhibit what kind of life style? nonmotile protists. B. 16 -They are parasitic heterotrophs. C. It will be able to secrete mucilage and aggregate as part of a biofilm. B. chloroplast, lysosomes, nucleus, endosymbiotic Alveolata A transverse flagellum is often wrapped in a groove at the equator of the cell and allows the cell to spin forward, while the longitudinal flagellum acts as a rudder. D. They release nutrients that other organisms can use. A. cotranslational sorting. A. Eukaryotic flagella have microtubules in a cytoskeleton whereas prokaryotic ones do not. the zygote, Sexual reproduction occurs in all protists. Many are planktonic. B. Akinetes are not capable of locomotion whereas endospores move freely. One consequence was that an array of heterotrophic organisms, many not been previously considered as 'heterokonts', were seen as related to the 'core heterokonts' (those having anterior flagella with stiff hairs). -The organisms that feed on decomposers would not have a food source. Animals and fungi are more closely related to each other than either is to plants. they are to some other kinds of organisms, Which of the following types of organisms are NOT considered to be The genome of a Blastocystis subtype 7 was resolved by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and 15 chromosomic bands have been characterized. 2.both strains were toxic Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Sponges (phylum: Porifera) are animals that possess feeding cells called collar cells. haptophyte The range of variation within these organisms is stunning. -the capture and ingestion of food particles by a cell B. A. layered rocklike structures formed by cyanobacteria. The taxon 'Heterokontae' was introduced in 1899 by Alexander Luther for algae that are now considered the Xanthophyceae. This means that protists: A. aerobic, photosynthetic, eukaryotic. A. merozoites B. sporozoites C. saprophytes Stramenopiles are eukaryotes; since they are neither fungi, animals, nor plants, they are what used to be called protists. B. red-orange Krylov, M. V.; Dobrovolskii, A. The dinoflagellate Pfisteria is an important protist. D. They release All other systems show no abnormality. E. They attach to host cells Stramenopila A. diabetes Most stramenopiles also have two unequal length flagella at some point in their life cycle. skin thereby increasing exposure to the pathogen. The stipes of some kelps have a central zone of elongated conducting cells. organisms C. that all protists are not more closely related to [29] B. to insure survival in the uterus. -Decomposers are autotrophic Mrs. Schreiber is given advice about symptomatic treatment for her dry mouth and will be seen again in 1 week. This species produces gas vesicles in order to maximize its access to oxygen at the lake's surface. [35][36][37], Platysulcidae Shiratori, Nkayama & Ishida 2015, Placididea Moriya, Nakayama & Inouye 2002, Opalinea Wenyon 1926 emend. (1) in each conjugating pair of cells all but one of the four B. Anaerobic cellular respiration. Phaeophyta(brown algae): This is a large (1,500-2,000 spp.) D. the fluorescing of Gram-positive bacteria E. none of -become part of the soil host cell ingests one symbiont and then later ingests another mitochondria C. nuclei D. both chloroplasts and Many important photosynthesizers are stramenopiles and not all stramenopiles are single-celled. (a) Write a mass balance for an aqueous solution of Ca3(PO4)2\mathrm{Ca}_3\left(\mathrm{PO}_4\right)_2Ca3(PO4)2 if the aqueous species are Ca2+,PO43,HPO42\mathrm{Ca}^{2+}, \mathrm{PO}_4^{3-}, \mathrm{HPO}_4^{2-}Ca2+,PO43,HPO42, H2PO4\mathrm{H}_2 \mathrm{PO}_4^{-}H2PO4, and H3PO4\mathrm{H}_3 \mathrm{PO}_4H3PO4. 2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s)2\text{Mg}(s) + \text{O}_2(g) \rightarrow 2\text{MgO}(s)2Mg(s)+O2(g)2MgO(s). Plants share a most recent common ancestor with what group of protists? dinoflagellates A. the production and emission of light by organisms 24: Protists Flashcards | Quizlet Cavalier-Smith 1993, Bolidophyceae Guillou & Chretiennot-Dinet 1999, Phaeophyceae (brown seaweeds) Hansgirg 1886. its own and one from its conjugant, (6) one haploid micronucleus in Photosynthetic members of this supergroup are commonly referred to as algae and the unicellular heterotrophs as protozoans. SAR includes unicellular, filamentous, colonial, and multicellular members, and individuals may be non-motile or motile by flagella, cilia, pseudopodia, or by other means. Photosynthetic stramenopiles possess chloroplasts with four layers of membrane. Which of the following is NOT a function of mucilage in bacteria? Incorrect E. All of the other choices Foraminifera Which of the following DOES NOT occur in Euglenozoa? euglenoid, Which of the following algal phyla is most closely related to land plants? Alveolates: Dinoflagellates, Apicomplexans & Ciliates Stramenopila E. Alveolata, Slime molds are in the supergroup: A. Opisthokonta B. A. blood B. brain C. lymph glands D. They are found in freshwater and marine plankton. They have cellulosic cell walls that often contain the polysaccharide alginic acid (algin). E. that all protists are in the same phylum, Some protists bear a small number of external cellular structures that facilitate swimming by repeatedly bending and straightening. C. families C. autotrophs living around deep sea vents. choanoflagellates The two ciliates exchange one micronucleus, then the two fuse to form a new diploid micronucleus. For instance, dinoflagellates can be mutualists with coral and sea anemones. This contextual clarification is rare, such that when the taxon name is used, it is unclear how it should be understood. A. Which of the following statements best describes secondary endosymbiosis?

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