The Romans ( Latin: Rmn; Ancient Greek: , romanized : Rhmaoi) [a] were a cultural group, variously referred to as an ethnicity [2] [3] [b] or a nationality, [4] [5] that in classical antiquity, from the 2nd century BC to the 5th century AD, came to rule large parts of Europe, the Near East and North . As a consequence of the pro-natalist policies of the Nicolae Ceauescu regime (see Decree 770), Romania has a higher proportion of people born in the late 1960s and 1970s its population than any other Western country except Slovenia. Dr. Ayfer AKTA, Trk Dili, TDK, 9/2007, s. 484495, Online: Vladimr Baar, Daniel Jakubek, (2017) Divided National Identity in Moldova, Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics, Volume 11: Issue 1, DOI: Ioan-Aurel Pop, Italian Authors and the Romanian Identity in the 16th Century, Revue Roumaine d'Histoire, XXXIX, 1-4, p. 39-49, Bucarest, 2000. According to the 2011 Romanian census they number 51,703 people, making up 0.3% of the total population. This article is about the demographic features of the population of Romania, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other aspects of the population. Source: Rita J. Markel, The Fall of the Roman Empire, p. 17, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFHind1984 (, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFJones1988 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFJankovi2004 (. Kamusella continues by stating that they preferred this ethnonym in order to stress their presumed link with Ancient Rome and that it became more popular as a nationalistic form of referring to all Romanian-language speakers as a distinct and separate nation during the 1820s. [134], Several historical sources show the use of the term "Romanian" among the medieval or early modern Romanian population. Most Romanians live in Romania, where they constitute a majority; Romanians also constitute a minority in the countries that neighbour Romania. Foreign men are not expected to kiss a Romanian woman's hand. The principal minorities are Hungarians and Roma, although other smaller ethnic groups exist too. After Hungarians and Romani, Ukrainians of Romania are the third-largest minority. Miklouho-Maclay, Russian Academy of Sciences; Institute of Cultural Heritage of the Academy of Sciences of Moldova. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.). of the Balkan Peninsula dates back to 980. [132] The 24.15 million, however, represent only speakers of Romanian, not all of whom are necessarily ethnic Romanians. 407, 414. In Kazhdan, Alexander (ed.). In addition to the colours of the Romanian flag, each historical province of Romania has its own characteristic symbol: The coat of arms of Romania combines these together. Datos provisionales 2020", "Estadstica de residentes extranjeros en Espaa", Ministry of Inclusion, Social Security and Migration, "Table 1.3: Overseas-born population in the United Kingdom by country of birth and sex, January 2020 to December 2020", "According to the Secretary of State Romanian, Florin Crciu: In France alone we have 500,000 Romanians, more than what the French State declares today", "Ci romni muncesc n strintate i unde sunt cei mai muli", "Anzahl der Auslnder in sterreich nach den zehn wichtigsten Staatsangehrigkeiten am 1. The paper also mentions how "signals of Asian maternal lineages were observed in all Romanian historical provinces, indicating gene flow along the migration routes through East Asia and Europe, during different time periods, namely, the Upper Paleolithic period and/or, with a likely greater preponderance, the Middle Ages", at low frequency (2.24%). Watch this video animation to find out some interesting facts: Romania is characterised through business communication, business etiquette, business meeting etiquette, internship and student placements, cost of living, work-life-balance and social media guide. Prior to the two wars, Decebalus defeated a Roman invasion during the reign of Domitian between 86 and 88 AD.[64]. In the 14th century the Danubian Principalities of Moldavia and Wallachia emerged to fight the Ottoman Empire. Romanians form the third largest ethno-linguistic group among Eastern Orthodox in the world. [152] However, some non-specialist organisations have produced estimates which are considerably higher: a 2002 study by the Romanian-American Network Inc. mentions an estimated figure of 1,200,000[43] for the number of Romanian Americans. Demographic statistics according to the World Population Review in 2019. While the Raducanus I actually know are of Romanian ethnicity, in all other occasions I came across this name, the owners were Roma. The Greek Catholic or Uniate church, reunified with the Orthodox Church by fiat in 1948, was restored after the 1989 revolution. Originally within the Byzantine Empire, but after the 13th century autonomous or semi-independent. Southeastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 5001250. Maybe I'm crossing a line here, but judging from her father's facial phenotype, he's very likely of Roma origins. Demographics of Romania - Wikipedia Sharing a common Romanian culture and ancestry, and speaking the Romanian language, they live primarily in Romania and Moldova. Early rulers from the Asen dynasty (particularly Kaloyan) referred to themselves as "Emperors of Bulgarians and Vlachs". (. This article discusses the period from the founding of the city and the regal period, which began in 753 bc, through the events leading to the founding of the republic in 509 bc, the establishment of the empire in 27 bc, and the final eclipse of the Empire of the West in the 5th century ad. In 2014, the PNL-PDL candidate (as part of the larger Christian Liberal Alliance or ACL for short; also endorsed by the Democratic Forum of Germans in Romania, FDGR/DFDR for short respectively) Klaus Iohannis won a surprise victory over former Prime Minister and PSD-supported contender Victor Ponta in the second round of the 2014 presidential elections. The 2021 Romanian census found that just under 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians.[60]. Romanians are talkative and assertive Romanians like to talk. As of 1920, the Romanian people was believed to number over 15 million solely in the region of the Romanian kingdom, a figure larger than the populations of Sweden, Denmark, and the Netherlands combined.[128]. 284, "On the Significance of Certain Names: Romanian/Wallachian and Romania/Wallachia", https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004250765_003, Pre-National Identities in the Balkans in: Entangled Histories of the Balkans, "ivot u sjeni konstitutivnih naroda Rumunji u BiH", "IRES: Aproape 9 din 10 romni se consider religioi, dar doar 10% in post", "Religious Belief and National Belonging in Central and Eastern Europe", "Orthodox Christianity in the 21st Century", "Populaia stabil dup religie judee, municipii, orae, comune", "Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data", "Y-chromosome analysis in individuals bearing the Basarab name of the first dynasty of Wallachian kings", "A Quantitative Comparison of the Similarity between Genes and Geography in Worldwide Human Populations", "The phylogenetic and geographic structure of Y-chromosome haplogroup R1a", "A major Y-chromosome haplogroup R1b Holocene era founder effect in Central and Western Europe", "Tracing Past Human Male Movements in Northern/Eastern Africa and Western Eurasia: New Clues from Y-Chromosomal Haplogroups E-M78 and J-M12", "Genetic affinities among the historical provinces of Romania and Central Europe as revealed by an mtDNA analysis", The Romanian nation in the beginning of the 20th century, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Romanians&oldid=1152706722, 1,206,938 migrants from Romania, of all ethnic groups, 748,2251,500,000 migrants from Romania of all ethnic groups, including a wide range of. An alternative name used in connection with the pre-mid Second Bulgarian Empire 13th century period is the Empire of Vlachs and Bulgarians;[112] variant names include the "VlachBulgarian Empire", the "BulgarianWallachian Empire". This is because these terms aren't widely used outside of data collection. V. Mrcule, The Vlachs in the military actions during the Comnen, in Revista de Istorie Militar, 2(60), 2000, p. 46-47 (hereinafter: The Vlachs during the Comnen). The mid-19th century political discourse of Romanian elites, which rejected the idea of transplanting Western forms of development onto profoundly Oriental societies such as those in the Romanian kingdoms, marked the Romanian national discourse for the next 150 years. The province ceased to exist around 679681, when the region was overrun by the Bulgars, which the Emperor Constantine IV was forced to recognize in 681. Thus the census definition of "Romanian" might variously mean Romanian-born, of Romanian parentage, or also include other ethnic identities as Romanian which otherwise are identified separately in other contexts; This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 20:40. From the Slavs, it was passed on to other peoples, such as the Hungarians (Olh) and Greeks (Vlachoi) (see the Etymology section of Vlachs). [98] [99][100] Accordingly, historians have located this homeland in several places, including Pannonia Inferior (Bogdan Petriceicu Hasdeu) and Dacia Aureliana (Mtys Gyni). Romanians are by far the most numerous group of speakers of an Eastern Romance language today. Romans conquered Dacia, and then migled with the native Dacians. [159], Romano-Gothic Densu Church, Hunedoara, Transylvania, Romano-Gothic Strei Church, Hunedoara, Transylvania, St. Nicholas Church, Braov, Transylvania, Nativity of St. John the Baptist Church, Piatra Neam, Moldavia. Romanian culture offers a variety of forms of folk art that have survived years of outside interference and domination. of the women were of Romanian ethnicity, close to half of the participants (49%, n = 70) had . [129] During the modern era, most neologisms were borrowed from French and Italian, though the language has increasingly begun to adopt English borrowings. Tartu University Press. List of ethnic groups - GOV.UK The folk costumes of the country are a feast to eyes as they exhibit elaborate embroidery and beadwork. Part I: Structure and Meaning, European Journal of Population", https://biblioteca-digitala.ro/?pub=1124-originea-medievala-a-focarelor-de-conflict-din-peninsula-balcanica, " : , , ", " " / , https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/basis/AnnaComnena-Alexiad.asp, https://archive.org/details/o-city-of-byzantium-annals-of-niketas-choniates-ttranslated-by-harry-j-magoulias-1984, http://opac.regesta-imperii.de/lang_en/anzeige.php?pk=337176, https://archive.org/details/tabulaimperiibyz0000unse, "Treaty of Bucharest/Russo-Turkish history [1812]", "De ce este srbtorit Ziua Limbii Romne la 31 august", Magyar Trtnelmi Tr 4. sorozat 4. ktet 1903. Under the Equality Act 2010, ethnicity includes colour, nationality and ethnic or national origins 30. Short list of features that characterize Romanian women Victor Babe discovered more than 50 germs and a cure for a disease named after him, babesiosis; biologist Nicolae Paulescu was among the first scientists to identify insulin. Romania - Daily life and social customs | Britannica What is a Gypsy and What Do Gypsies Believe? - Crosswalk.com Three theories account for the ethnogenesis of the Romanian people. ISBN 978-0-88033-440-2. sfn error: no target: CITEREFMadgearu2001 (. [177], Painting of Transylvanian Romanian peasants from Abrud by Ion Theodorescu-Sion, Romanian family going to a fair, early 19th century, Traditional Romanian peasant costumes to the left, followed from left to right by Hungarian, Slavic, and German ones, Romanians from Transylvania, late 19th century, Romanian peasant costume from Bukovina, early 20th century, Romanians from Bukovina, early 20th century postcard, Romanians from Wallachia, early 19th century, Romanians from central Serbia, late 19th century, Romanian infantrymen from Wallachia, early 19th century, Romanian immigrants in New York City, late 19th century, Painting of a young Wallachian shepherd in the early 20th century by Ipolit Strmbu, Romanian peasants during the harvest season (1920), Mid-19th century French map depicting Romanians in Central and Eastern Europe, Modern distribution of the Eastern Romance-speaking ethnic groups (including, most notably, the Romanians), Romanians in Central Europe (coloured in blue), 1880, Ethnic map of Austria-Hungary and Romania, 1892, British map depicting territories inhabited by Eastern Romance peoples before the outbreak of World War I, Romanian speakers in Central and Eastern Europe, early 20th century, Map of the Kingdom of Romania at its greatest extent (19201940), Geographic distribution of ethnic Romanians in the early 21st century, Notable regions with inhabited by Eastern Romance speakers at the beginning of the 21st century, Map highlighting the three main sub-groups of Daco-Romanians, Geographic distribution of Romanians in Romania (coloured in purple) at commune level (2011 census), Geographic distribution of Romanian in Romania (coloured in purple) at county level (2011 census), For information on the population of Romania, see, Ethnic distribution of Romanians around the world, Includes additional 177,635 Moldovans in Transnistria; as per the 2004 census in Transnistria. In one interpretation of the 1989 census results in Moldova, the majority of Moldovans were counted as ethnic Romanians in this country as well. Roma | People, Meaning, History, Language, Lifestyle, & Facts Another important document mentioning Romanians (Vlachs) from the South Romanians can also be found in many countries, notably in the other EU countries, particularly in Italy, Spain, Germany, the United Kingdom and France; in North America in the United States and Canada; in Israel; as well as in Brazil, Australia, Argentina, and New Zealand among many other countries. According to the 2011 Romanian census, 2.5% of ethnic Romanians in Romania identified themselves as Catholic (in comparison to 5% of Romania's total population, including other ethnic groups). For the United States 2000 Census figures, almost 20% of the total population did not classify or report an ancestry, and the census is also subject to undercounting, an incomplete (67%) response rate, and sampling error in general. The six ancient Norse myths that still resonate today - BBC Culture [168][169] Subclades I1 and I2 can be found in most present-day European populations, with peaks in some Northern European and Southeastern European countries. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. 1. The ethnic origins of Romanians - Stormfront The generations born in 1967 and 1968 were the largest, although fertility remained relatively high until 1990. The 2021 Romanian census found that just under 89.3% of Romania's citizens identified themselves as ethnic Romanians. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press. [126], Up until 1541, Transylvania was part of the Kingdom of Hungary, later (due to the conquest of Hungary by the Ottoman Empire) was a self-governed Principality governed by the Hungarian nobility. It is based on fairly good data for the entire period. [134] Examples of this would include Petr Shornikov,[144] Mikhail Guboglo and Valentin Dergachev. Convention of the Hungarian Baptist Churches of Romania, Population exchange between Bulgaria and Romania, https://www.unfpa.org/data/world-population/RO, "Infant mortality rate - the World Factbook", "COMUNICAT DE PRES: 2 februarie 2012 privind rezultatele provizorii ale Recensmntului Populaiei i Locuinelor", "Refugees fleeing Ukraine (since 24 February 2022)", "Populaia Romniei, creterea alarmant: Suntem la nivelul Germaniei. [15], Of a total population of three quarter million Jews before World War II, about a third were killed during the Holocaust. [9], In 1990, Romania's population was estimated to be 23.21 million inhabitants. Socio-linguistic evolutions in the late 18th century led to a gradual preponderance of the romn spelling form, which was then generalised during the National awakening of Romania of early 19th century. [104][105][106], The Byzantine chronicler John Kinnamos, presenting the campaign of Manuel I Komnenos against Hungary in 1166, reports that General Leon Vatatzes had under his command "a great multitude of Vlachs, who are said to be ancient colonies of those in Italy", an army that attacked the Hungarian possessions "about the lands near the Pontus called the Euxine", respectively the southeastern regions of Transylvania, "destroyed everything without sparing and trampled everything it encountered in its passage". At the time of the 1989 census, Moldova's total population was 4,335,400. It has been argued by some Romanian researchers that "Ramunc" was not the name of the duke, but a name that highlighted his ethnicity. Nonetheless, in 1859, Moldavia and Wallachia elected the same ruler, namely Alexander John Cuza (who reigned as Domnitor) and were thus unified de facto, resulting in the United Romanian Principalities for the period between 1859 and 1881. The national capital is Bucharest. "Scythia Minor". Based on linguistic and archaeological findings, historians suggest that the Romanians' ancestors acquired polytheistic religions in the Roman era, later adopting Christianity, most likely by the 4th century AD when decreed by Emperor Constantine the Great as the official religion of the Roman Empire. The Romanians (Romanian: romni, pronounced[romn]; dated exonym Vlachs) are a Romance-speaking[56][57][58][59] ethnic group. Pe un antier din Bucureti, lucreaz zeci de vietnamezi", "Nepalezii, soluia de criz a angajatorilor din Romnia. It is believed that they diverged from the Romanians in the 7th to 9th century, and currently speak the Aromanian language and Megleno-Romanian language, both of which are Balkan Romance languages, like Romanian, and are sometimes considered by traditional Romanian linguists to be dialects of Romanian. Romania - Business Culture Race and ethnicity, explained | National Geographic What are the physical characteristics of Romanian people? J. Koder, F. Hild, P. Soustal| Tabula Imperii Bizantini, 1 Hellas und Thessalia DAW, 125, 1976, sfn error: no target: CITEREFSoulis1963 (. [103] Anna Komnene reports that in 1094, on the occasion of the Cumans' campaign south of the Danube, Emperor Alexios I Komnenos was informed about the movements of the "Turanians", who had crossed the Danube by "a certain Pudilos, a Vlach noble". Count Dracula is a worldwide icon of Romania. As of 2017, an Ethnologue estimation puts the (worldwide) number of Romanian speakers at approximately 24.15 million. Ethnic Diversity Challenges in Romania: Tolerance Discourses and This character was created by the Irish fiction writer Bram Stoker, based on some stories spread in the late Middle Ages by the frustrated German tradesmen of Kronstadt (Braov) and on some vampire folk tales about the historic Romanian figure of Prince Vlad epe. As average population is an estimate of the population in the middle of the year and not end of the year. Note: Crude migration change (per 1000) is a trend analysis, an extrapolation based average population change (current year minus previous) minus natural change of the current year (see table vital statistics). T. Kamusella, The Politics of Language and Nationalism in Modern Central Europe, Springer, 2008, Wolfgang Dahmen, who has questioned the continuity between, In an ever more globalized world the incredibly diverse and widespread phenomenon of migration has played a significant role in the ways in which notions such as "home," "membership" or "national belonging" have constantly been disputed and negotiated in both sending and receiving societies.

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