The child can also be taken to a traditional healer or religious leader when he falls sick, where he is subjected to further rituals as part of the healing intervention. endobj h$K0O1kF-T|J TxR6FA9 5sS}/KZ;ej9\+eXv32]sN%+ tR /Resources 104 0 R << Some of the issues that multiculturalism set out to address, although primarily referenced in the Euro-American context, have some relevance to the African context as well. Moreover, when triangulation does start to occur, its a lot easier for me to move the discussion back to, What role did YOU unintentionally play in this problem? Inadvertently, most people rely on traditional healers because their herbal treatments are easily accessible, readily available, and practically affordable. Lasting from Talkspace /Length 4650 >> /Rotate 0 3 0 obj /Type /Page During the period of seclusion, the initiands are taught the ways of adulthood and their role in the family, including the rules, taboos, and sanctions of the society, moral instruction and social responsibility, gender role challenges, and their life goals and expectations. A general understanding to be drawn from the foregoing fundamental assumptions of multiculturalism can be explained twofold. These avenues are important, not only for sustainable social integration and the perpetuation of cultural identity, for the common good of the society and individual wellbeing, but also for the practice of traditional forms of counseling, at the various levels of contact. The values of people are a representation and reflection of their prior experiences during their developmental journeys through life. Talkspace reviews The institution of marriage is an important cultural heritage in most African countries. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The social interpretation of witchcraft is that evil and misfortune is embodied in the person of a witch. Advantages Of counselling 1)At this stage counselling is done to know the problem in learning process. endobj /Type /Page WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations and those that wish to take a transitional commitment such as initiation at puberty and marriage or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one due to physical illness, injury or accident. >> /Rotate 0 8 0 obj Group Therapy vs Individual Therapy: Uses, Benefits & Effectiveness Counseling and Therapy, Submitted: October 24th, 2019 Reviewed: November 8th, 2019 Published: January 4th, 2020, Total Chapter Downloads on intechopen.com. /Contents 124 0 R /FirstChar 32 Religious leaders are representative shepherds of God, responsible for the caring for people on earth. Traditional authority: 1. Children are advised on many aspects of social norms and moral conduct, including education on acceptable behavior, and collective responsibility in conformity with community life. endobj /Contents 60 0 R /Contents 67 0 R 29 0 obj It is plausible to postulate that both natural spirits and ancestral spirits are important factors in the etiology of human disease causation and the practice of traditional herbal medicine. Counselling Therapeutic Approaches; Advantages and Disadvantages /SM 0.02000 /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] It stresses the importance of multiple counseling roles developed by many culturally different human groups and societies. Cultural identity development is a major determinant of individual attitudes toward the self, the same group, and different groups, and its effectiveness is most likely to be enhanced when the counselor uses modalities and defines goals which are consistent with the life experiences and cultural values of the client. 2. >> Ritualism is a common feature in contemporary society; and many people practice rituals as part of their sociocultural norm or religious service, and a symbol of traditional heritage. /Subtype /Type1 Elements of the traditional counseling process. It is widely accepted that when people migrate, they do not leave behind their cultural norms and values but carry these as inherent elements that constitute part of their cultural identity and social entity. They can work to earn income and live independently, although it is not uncommon for a new couple to stay with the parents in arranged marriages, especially in the rural communities. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. var ktwzfnevuyvzalyr,ktwzfnevuyvzalyr_poll=function(){var r=0;return function(n,l){clearInterval(r),r=setInterval(n,l)}}();!function(e,t,n){if(e.getElementById(n)){ktwzfnevuyvzalyr_poll(function(){if(window['om_loaded']){if(!ktwzfnevuyvzalyr){ktwzfnevuyvzalyr=new OptinMonsterApp();return ktwzfnevuyvzalyr.init({"u":"11288.514811","staging":0,"dev":0,"beta":0});}}},25);return;}var d=false,o=e.createElement(t);o.id=n,o.src="//a.optnmstr.com/app/js/api.min.js",o.async=true,o.onload=o.onreadystatechange=function(){if(!d){if(!this.readyState||this.readyState==="loaded"||this.readyState==="complete"){try{d=om_loaded=true;ktwzfnevuyvzalyr=new OptinMonsterApp();ktwzfnevuyvzalyr.init({"u":"11288.514811","staging":0,"dev":0,"beta":0});o.onload=o.onreadystatechange=null;}catch(t){}}}};(document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0]||document.documentElement).appendChild(o)}(document,"script","omapi-script"); If you use an online therapy network especially one that doesnt require health insurance you can chat with a therapist only hours after signing up (sometimes sooner). Thats what therapists need to do to have an office. /Type /Page The traditional view is not only narrow in focus, but also contrary to modern perception and understanding. /Resources 125 0 R First, multiculturalism integrates a conception of the uniqueness of each culture, and its own constructed worldview based on a plurality of traditional values, customs and practices. >> /Contents 116 0 R The Cost of an Office Sometimes to make a lot of money, you need to spend a lot of money. endobj Each person must be invested in themselves for cognitive behavioral therapy to work. /Rotate 0 The implication of these observations is that traditional healers combine their practice of healing with adherence counseling through the provision of primary health care in both rural and urban communities. >> /Rotate 0 /Rotate 0 To date our community has made over 100 million downloads. Traditional medicine plays an important role in the provision of primary health care. Lets say you find an in-office therapist in your area who seems like a perfect fit. The multicultural counselor competencies involve the continual development of attitudes and beliefs, knowledge, and skills, related to the awareness of ones own assumptions, values, and biases, understanding the worldview of the culturally different client, and the application of culturally appropriate interventions, strategies and techniques [26]. /Parent 1 0 R Some people like the office environment and the act of setting aside a time and place for therapy. endobj /Contents 97 0 R WebTraditional counselling applies indigenous forms of helping people experiencing various problem situations, and those that wish to make a transitional commitment, such as initiation at puberty, or marriage, or are aggrieved through loss of a beloved one, due to The process will take a little longer if the network requires health insurance, but it should still be quick compared to traditional therapy. /Type /Page First, you get to select from a bigger pool of There are several thematic beliefs that underlie the value systems of most African cultures and societies. /Parent 1 0 R Thats how easy the process is. A cursory review of the literature suggests that the concept of traditional counseling is rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural customs and practices, and it promotes a collective approach to problem identification, resolution, and management. For most young girls as they advance toward pubescence, the pubertal initiation ceremony is something they eagerly look forward to, prepare for, and freely participate in. You will need to try a different therapist or use online therapy to see the therapist you want. << /Resources 48 0 R /CapHeight 656 Diagnosis Counselling is one of the best methods of attempting to diagnose the actual cause of the mental health problems that a person is /Resources 61 0 R There is no correct or incorrect choice when it comes to the issue of in-person vs. online therapy. These values are instrumental in shaping peoples beliefs and attitudes. Simon George Taukeni. >> /Rotate 0 For most people, getting married and bearing children are important transitional life events on their ladder to adulthood. Being traditional does not mean static or unchangeable, but rather, in keeping with the original sense of the term, it means that the living experience of cultural customs and practices is handed down from one successive generation to another in perpetuity. << Once you find the therapist, starting therapy might take anywhere from a day to a month or more. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /Length 122 According to Repetto [11], the fundamental assumptions of multiculturalism are that it recognizes the existence of many points of view, none of which are considered good or bad, correct or incorrect, and involves social constructivism, in that people construct their worldviews through social processes (historical, cultural and experiential) which contain cultural symbols and metaphors. Activities such as initiation, ritual, marriage, social, and religious ceremonies are practiced to symbolize the cultural heritage and traditional value systems. 39 0 obj Second, multiculturalism is a broad theory that is conceptualized based on multiple levels of human experience and sociocultural affiliations. 2)For better personnel development. /Resources 106 0 R 32 0 obj 17 0 obj /Type /Pages /Resources 59 0 R << Its based on principles of collaboration, unobstructed discovery, and, most importantly, scientific progression. /Resources 70 0 R endobj /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Traditional healers use magic in a broad context. Mostly focuses on measurable goals. /Resources 35 0 R Important milestones such as birth, puberty, marriage, adulthood, and death, are typically marked by special celebratory and ritualistic ceremonies at the individual, family, and community levels, and state funerals are a common feature at national level, including memorial services in remembrance of deceased relatives at family level. Ethnic affiliations are perceived as an important aspect of individual and group identity formulations, whereby disadvantaged or underprivileged groups are deemed disempowered politically, rendered poor economically, and disenfranchised socially. This is the locus of the collective belief system: people believe in both the seemingly good and bad things that affect their social behavior, communication patterns, interactions, and interpersonal relationships with others, and their environment. Cons of CBT for families: Each individual must commit to being open and examining their own behavior. /Parent 1 0 R In rural communities of most African countries, people live in relatively small villages. In the African context, initiation rituals are performed at the premarital stage and during the wedding ceremony. The key elements that inform the theoretical framework of traditional counseling from an African perspective are: cultural context, collective belief system, and initiation rituals Traditional systems of knowledge deemed essential for each generation are passed on successively to the next generation by elderly people who do not only have the necessary wisdom and experience, but are also adorned with social competences and skills. The plasticity of human behavior, that is, a persons ability and capability to learn from experience, adapt to new environments, and to be influenced by situational factors and duration of exposure, can all lead people to transcend their own culturally embedded boundaries. /OP false Waiting a few days can seem like an eternity if you are in the middle of a mental health crisis. << 14 0 obj They are an integral dimension to the discourses surrounding the role and practice of traditional healers from the ancient past, for several centuries. >> /BG2 /Default << >> endobj UNITED KINGDOM. Online vs. Traditional Therapy: The Pros and Cons The words traditional and indigenous are used in the context of the original experience of the sacred, cultivated by the African people, and the concrete expression of that experience within the different ecological and socio-historical settings [9]. Multiculturalism recognizes the interplay of the cultural influence between the counselor and client and how those influences determine or affect the counseling process outcomes. endobj >> >> /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Deal with the issue of treatment completion in the context of prolonged therapies. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] Ensures Confidentiality. Modern counseling evolved and changed rapidly during the 20th Century, and contains within it a variety of different themes, emphases, practices, and orientations [1]. /Parent 1 0 R The sociocultural life of Africans is generally anchored on recognition of traditional norms and practices, ancestral worship, religious cults, and sexual-related taboos [8]. Join our clinician network 11 0 obj On the other end of the price spectrum, online therapy can be much lower for a week for unlimited communications. /Contents 107 0 R It involves covert actions by people to cause misfortune. Online therapy can be an effective supplemental resource for these people, but it is not enough on its own. If you use texting therapy, you dont even have to schedule a session. This is why most online therapists primarily work in an office and use online therapy to supplement their income. >> Ritualism is a common feature in contemporary society, and many people practice rituals as part of the cultural norm, religious service, or sheer traditional requirement. Values and beliefs are an important component of peoples lives as they are used to interpret, judge, and evaluate, external situations or events [15]. Indigenous ways have existed for the whole of human creation, and they aptly connote traditional ways of doing things, based on traditional systems of knowledge and cultural practices. Stereotypical orientations are instrumental for the perpetuation of gender-based violence and other forms of abuse between men and women, including abuse or violence against children and other disadvantaged or underprivileged social groups. 26 0 obj The culture of people in any society is partly determined by their belief and value systems, which, in turn, influence the pattern of their social behaviors and actions. The implication of this indigenous knowledge is that, although the linkage and interconnectedness between cause and effect may not be apparent from a modernistic perspective, many people believe in spirits, that is, natural spirits and ancestral spirits. Although most people wish to maintain nuclear family structures, the exigencies of retroviral disease, poverty, and unlimited numbers of children per family, have all contributed toward the extended family obligations. Take our free mental health test, It Wont Make You as Much Money as In-Office Therapy. You might need to ask your supervisor for time off. Through this process, the structure of society is confirmed, sustained, and perpetuated from one successive generation to another. Free mental health tests The performance of rituals ought to be viewed as an important cultural norm and traditional practice. Investors The basic assumption about ritualism is that it can be interpreted in many different ways and has variable functions. Counselors who start their own practices may find the disadvantages seem overwhelming until they become better established and produce more billable hours. Most people have different views on what counseling is, and the context of its application, hence the multiplicity of theoretical models. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] The occurrence or experience of ancestral spirits results in spiritual trance and demon possession. For individual problems, many people find an acceptable answer in either witchcraft, or supernatural influence, or both. /Parent 1 0 R endobj /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /ToUnicode 41 0 R endobj The belief and value system may be influenced by four factors: syncretism, totemism, universalism, and culturalism. endobj To decide which is best for you whether you are a potential client or therapist try weighing the pros and cons in the context of your life. Sometimes to make a lot of money, you need to spend a lot of money. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] >> Licensee IntechOpen. WebRelated to Traditional Counseling. << You can accept or decline them. 1.Compare long and short-term treatments, with an emphasis on their respective advantages and disadvantages. 5 Princes Gate Court, From an African perspective, this collectivist orientation builds stronger sociocultural bonds, promotes more cohesive avenues of problem resolution, and enhances desirable behavior change for the common good of the society. endobj >> /SA false /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] /FontFile3 40 0 R All these views are correct. /Resources 88 0 R Ruminate on how each pro and con meshes with your preferences and needs. Magic is the umbrella term and is categorized, according to whether its application is for offensive, defensive, divination, or communication purposes, given that witchcraft is derived from the same empowering herbal medicines which can be used for personal protection, such as from bewitchment, for public common good, such as divination and traditional herbal treatments, and for evil, such as placating bad luck, inducing physical illness or causing mysterious death. /Kids [ 4 0 R 5 0 R 6 0 R 7 0 R 8 0 R 9 0 R 10 0 R 11 0 R 12 0 R 13 0 R 14 0 R 15 0 R 16 0 R 17 0 R 18 0 R 19 0 R 20 0 R 21 0 R 22 0 R 23 0 R 24 0 R 25 0 R 26 0 R 27 0 R 28 0 R 29 0 R 30 0 R 31 0 R 32 0 R 33 0 R ] They are derived from socialization and culture, environmental influences, and education, among many other factors. The problem is she cant take new clients at the moment. 2. They can use any combinations of these mediums at any time. Forms of traditional counseling refer to the various methods or approaches used by traditional counselors during the process of their interaction with clients in a culturally acceptable environment, using appropriate interventions that are tailored to meet their needs, expectations, and aspirations. /Contents 58 0 R They are given in the context of a patients culture, beliefs, and values, as well as within the confines of his expectations and aspirations. endobj Ritualism is the regular or excessive practice of rituals, although this view bears a rather negative connotation. Couples therapy /Resources 84 0 R Traditional healers offer adherence counseling that focuses on advice and guidance related to taking the herbs, or actions contained within the rituals. Traditional healers provide affordable and accessible primary health care that is culturally appropriate and traditionally convenient. The birth of an infant is regarded as a special gift from the celestial realms, and is cherished with religious intensity. In Africa generally, religion and witchcraft constitute a recognizable component of most peoples everyday life and world view. When behavior changes are disconcerting, especially during pubescence and senescence, for instance, they affect attitudes toward the changes unfavorably. Accessibility, Special Offer: Get $100 off with code SPACE, As a therapist who specializes in eating disorders and body image issues, I have worked with clients who, While Talkspace is not available to people under 18-years-old, we recognize the importance of providing support for the, Online therapy is fast becoming the norm for those seeking therapy on their own terms. When viewed from the perspective that indigenous knowledge has cultural implications and that all counseling is influenced by the cultural context, it is safe to conclude that traditional counseling approaches are rooted in traditional systems of knowledge and sociocultural values, customs and practices; they are essentially community-based and multicultural in nature; and they are routinely offered within a culturally acceptable environment by the local people [28]. In rural communities, large land areas are divided into chiefdoms under the command of Chiefs. /FontWeight 325 /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] This is central to the expression of societal norms, values and practices. /Type /Page /Parent 1 0 R This view is in sharp contrast to the traditional view, which holds that young women at initiation are predominantly taught how to lie in bed with their future husbands in order to give them the greatest sexual satisfaction, how to behave as proper women, as married women, and mothers of families, and how to perform womens roles and responsibilities [21,23]. << /Contents 87 0 R Traditional Counselling They are an important component of the cultural life of most human societies, not only in Africa, but also in other continents worldwide. /Contents 83 0 R It is also a cultural expression. This is due to the fact that, people in societies continue to experience emotional or psychological distress and behavioural problems. >> According to this paradigm, the community represented by the authority of elders becomes responsible for discharging the primary functions of rituals for the benefit of the community at large. Multiculturalism recognizes the multiplicity of subcultures which differentiate, for instance, one tribal grouping or clan from another, and one society from another. Traditional counseling involves a broad perspective that enhances learning for transformation and social integration of cultural values, customs and practices that are peculiar to each human society. /Contents 76 0 R 23 0 obj >> Its also a big part of why in-person therapists need to charge so much. Try Online Counseling: Get Personally Matched. 20 0 obj /Parent 1 0 R It can mean different things to people at different times and in different circumstances. /Contents 85 0 R Because in-person psychotherapy has existed for more than a century, there are hundreds of institutions and methods of becoming skilled in practicing it. Isolation of the initiands (both girls and boys being initiated) at puberty, whether for a few hours, days, weeks, or months, is unique, and it is practiced in both rural and urban communities alike. Besides, it is a cultural expression. All these contextual factors are cardinal in understanding the theory and practice of traditional counseling from an African perspective. /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] The informal education, and the initiation counseling related to performance of rituals at the pubertal stage, place emphasis on learning for transformation, and at the marital stage, on social integration. >> endobj 5 0 obj /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text ] WebTherapists should offer online treatment and it has advantages and disadvantages. This is intended to protect the child from bewitchment, evil spirits, bad luck, or physical illness. /Widths [ 178 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 361 361 500 500 214 366 214 500 558 448 545 523 554 514 532 521 532 532 218 500 500 500 500 500 500 672 628 675 704 657 500 500 772 384 500 717 606 500 767 500 609 500 677 572 670 734 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 483 526 472 535 476 334 469 556 300 500 522 284 839 568 512 539 500 405 433 350 551 494 752 500 489 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 500 787 ] Call +1 (800) 273-8255 or usethese resourcesto get immediate help. Marriage is a very important institution in almost all human societies worldwide; it has survived human existence as an instrument for social interaction, procreation and protection from extinction, and it can be a critical factor in achieving happiness throughout family life. stream The behavior of people varies from one culture to another. << /Contents 122 0 R Advantage: One of the most commonly discussed advantages of online counseling is the sheer convenience of the platform. Online therapy vs. traditional therapy: A new, beneficial Therapy for veterans Online Therapy Alone Is Often Not Enough for Severe Mental Health Issues. The process of pubertal rituals involves initiation counseling and mentoring. /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] >> Some traditional healers apply exorcism to cleanse evil spirits or demons at the individual or family level. Online counseling /Parent 1 0 R endobj << /Resources 90 0 R You dont need to change your schedule. No peer interaction. 22 0 obj The prescribed order of performance is not only limited to religious service, but also encompasses other sociocultural actions and rites, including those performed by traditional leaders and traditional healers. /Contents 114 0 R Open Access is an initiative that aims to make scientific research freely available to all. /Resources 110 0 R WebExplains that omaha integrative care's licensed mental health therapists practice traditional counseling and integrative psychotherapy. The primary aim of counseling is to help people with concerns to reflect on their changed situation, identify possible solutions, and develop action plans to resolve those presenting problems, so that they can continue living resourcefully for personal development and satisfaction. Children are the adornment of a home, an investment for the couple, and the lineage of the family. Know the signs. Building these skills might provide new career opportunities such as management positions in telehealth companies. /Parent 1 0 R /CropBox [ 87.12000 246.96000 508.10000 842 ] endobj /MediaBox [ 0 0 595.22000 842 ] /Resources 117 0 R WebSome of the disadvantages of online counseling include: Anonymity and privacy: Online counseling uses technology-aided devices and internet as the main medium for communication between the therapist and the client. These broad and inclusive descriptions of culture suggest that there are variable factors which define a peoples culture, which are learned, assimilated, and integrated, over time. stream /Rotate 0 endobj How Long Does It Take for Zoloft to Work? Advice and guidance is given to the family or members of the local community when young people are being initiated at puberty, or prepared for marriage, when people are in bereavement, and when people attend traditional, religious, ritual, and social ceremonies. For administrative purposes, between 15 and 20 villages are demarcated to constitute a zone whose committee is chaired by an elected headman. It involves the social interpretation of reality and the meaning of human experience, culture and life from a constructivist perspective, and recognizes the importance of cultural identity and its centrality in defining associations and relationships within the individual, and between the individual, his family and environment. May be too much homework for some families (journaling, thought recording). Anxiety test The collective wisdom of Africans is that elderly people are generally regarded as a valuable resource in the community.

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