Balanced Bowhunting The speed of your arrow will determine how flat of a trajectory your arrow has at short and long distances and how much arc is needed to travel large distances. This should set your correct arrow speed and make the ballistics calculator work for you. Keep in mind that most IBO ratings are not real-world numbers. So when you see a certain crossbow rated at 350 FPS, for example, this was most likely calculated using a 400, maybe 425 grain arrow. Archery & Crossbow Ballistics Calculator A 70#/29 bow that's rated at 350 fps is has been chronographed at 315 fps with a 400 grain arrow. We shot 400 grain arrows from 9 different crossbows, achieving nine different initial speeds ranging from 200 to 400 FPS in 25 FPS increments. A 70#/29 bow thats rated at 350 fps is has been chronographed at 315 fps with a 400 grain arrow. Arrow Speed Calculator. The trick is to balance speed (and range finding forgiveness) with arrow mass and penetration potential. And remember, in bowhunting speed is good but it is far from everything. If you try to do all of these calculations by hand, keep in mind what units you actually use! This arrow speed calculator allows you to accurately determine the speed of an arrow. Knowing the rough speed at which your arrow will fly, you can now use our kinetic energy calculator to quickly figure out your arrows initial kinetic energy. This specification determines the arrow speed, provided that you keep the following parameters: If you deviate from these parameters, the arrow speed will not equal the one given by the specification. Mike is a Veteran who served 21 years in the U.S. Army and retired as a Sergeant Major from the 5th Special Forces Group. This average will get most bowswithin a few percent of real-world speeds. *Slugs can be converted to Pound-Seconds by multiplying the result from the above formula by 32.174. For every inch of draw length above 30, add 10 fps to the IBO value. Because most animals tend to "jump the string". For every 3 grains of total arrow weight above draw weight multiplied by 5, subtract 1 fps from the IBO value. Plan. These will result in relatively small variations that you should not worry much about. In the table below, you will see some base values there already, they are there to show you an example of a real-world situation with real values and what they look like when compared to a mid-range bow and mid-range set of arrows. Draw weight: The more draw weight you pull, the faster the arrow will fly. The speed decreases exponentially as the arrow travels. Try our arrow speed calculator below! This equation assumes that your bow puts the same amount of energy into each arrow. But a bowling ball moving at the same speed is a whole different matter. The optical chronograph is insensitive to shooting distance, but shooting errors can destroy the chronograph. You will find that most modern bows are more than capable of killing most game animals. Considering that the vital area (heart and lungs) of a whitetail deer is 6" to 8", we can see how easy it is to miss the target when using a slower bow or a crossbow. When using the calculator above, input your values and then compare them to those values in the tables below. So, the closer you can get to your target, the more kinetic energy your arrow will have. Arrow Speed Calculator 550 grain arrows will fly at ~85.5% of initial speed Muley Short Sleeve T-shirt | Solids, Coues On Short Sleeve T-shirt | Black/Gray, Western Whitetail Multicam Flexfit Mesh Cap, +/- 1 inch change in draw length ~ +/-10 FPS, +/- 10 pound change in draw weight ~+/- 18 FPS, +/- 3 grain change in arrow weight ~ +/- 1 FPS, +/- 3 grain change in string weight ~ +/- 1 FPS. *Initial speed = our base speed determined using a 400 grain arrow: 425 grain arrows will fly at ~97.5 of initial speed Now, enter the Draw length of the bow. Reduce the IBO speed until the calculator shows the verified speed of 315; in this case the correct IBO value would be 346 fps Draw length LLL This is the distance that the string is pulled back. This calculator is based on average efficiency gains as arrow weight is increased from 5 grains per pound (IBO). Heavy arrows, coupled with the right speed for your target animal, optimized by a high FOC, can accomplish a lot more than a light, fast arrow. When you look at this and compare it to the table above, you can calculate what the right arrow can accomplish after you shoot it. Models at the high end of this spectrum tend to cost a lot so we should be pretty confident the top velocities bring equally impressive results before spending the cash. Chasing 300 fps? You can assume, roughly, that an arrows kinetic energy is reduced by around 3-4% for every 10 yards it travels. To properly calculate arrow speed, use the following formula: IBO Speed(in fps) + (Draw Length 30) x 10 Additional Weight on Bowstring (in grains) / 3 + MIN(0, (Arrow Weight(in grains) 5 x Draw Weight in Pounds) / 3 )). 12.8 330. The arrow speed calculator makes it easy to estimate the speed of an arrow! You can check this calculator to see how fast the arrows lose height at different flight speeds. They see a bows IBO speed rating listed, and assume they will get that raw arrow speed, or maybe a little better if they buy that bow. We operate independently and do not provide Sponsored content. The values in the table below come from the following bow and its associated settings. Reduce the IBO speed until the calculator shows the verified speed of 315; in this case, the correct IBO value would be 346 fps. The chart below, and the research conducted is copyrighted material and is the property of BestCrossbowSource. Bowstring weight: Adding weight to a bowstring (peep sight, string silencers, string loop) will affect raw speed, but not by much. What is a Good FPS for a Crossbow? - Crossbow Country And your arrow would fly over it or hit a less desirable area, like the spine of the animal. Simply put, many of the best crossbows available on the market nowadays (2015) receive their speed ratings based on arrows weighing roughly 400 grain. When shooting a compound bow, all things being equal, they are: Many bowhunters dont quite understand the complexity behind bow speeds. If this tool does not calculate, please refresh the page and try again. Some of you might be in the position of owning an older model and wondering if upgrading to a 400 FPS+ model would have a great impact on your hunting experience. 575 grain arrows will fly at ~84% of initial speed If you were to shoot a 500 grain arrow from the exact same crossbow, its initial speed would be roughly 90% of 350, or around 315 FPS. 600 grain arrows will fly at ~82.5% of initial speed. This is very misleading as to what a true high performance crossbow will do when sighted in properly for deer hunting. It will give you a rough idea of how fast an arrow travels after changing the bow from the recommended specifications. 36 Yards - Maximum Point Blank Hunting Range. Let's consider the following example: you are analyzing the bow of IBO 300. For more information on understanding arrow weight and FOC click here. Bow/Arrow Speed Calculator (Estimate from IBO/ATA) This calculator will estimate the speed of the bow/arrow based on the speed rating of the manufacturer and individual setup of the bow. Because there is a huge difference between shooting a deer with a 300 FPS crossbow and a 400 FPS (or faster) model. Use the Arrow Efficiency Calculator to find the optimal arrow for your bowhunting setup. This is as close as it gets to what your arrows will deliver in the field, though keep in mind that our tests were conducted at an indoor range to avoid wind and weather fluctuations which can impact arrow behavior, so actual kinetic energy values in the field can and probably will vary slightly from what we arrived at in our tests. Arrow flight time till impact at 44 yards, approximately 4/10 of a second. Four terms to know when properly sighting in a Crossbow. Enter speed and arrow weight data into the calculator. True Zero; True zero when sighting in a crossbow is the second point at which the line of sight intersects with the arrows path in the arrows trajectory arc. Contact Us for More Information. While it is based on the bow speed IBO specification, you can input the individual settings of your bow. So if we have 100 ft-lb initial energy (at 0 yards), at 10 yards you can expect roughly 97-97 ft-lbs. That is defined by an arrows weight, broadhead, and momentum. The Best Crossbow Bolt Weight for Your Specific Hunting Crossbow Let us see how to use this tool: Begin by indicating the IBO rating in fps in the Bow IBO rating field. Do 100 FPS make such an impactful difference? Which leaves us with the only valid option for increasing the FPS of a crossbow: buying a faster model in the first place! The crossbow community has been obsessed with velocity ever since the resurgence of the crossbow as a viable weapon for hunting. You should be able to successfully harvest Crossbows / Power / Range / High Velocity. Scope sights have an advantage as they can easily be raised higher above the flight rail by simply installing higher rings, when this is done the crossbow will sight-in differently and appear to have a flatter trajectory, which is a good thing. Blazing Bolts: How Much Speed Do You Need for a Crossbow? 1. 3. *The number 225,218 is derived from converting grains to pounds and then . ArcheryCalc - Backcountry Bowhunting To achieve this the arrow will actually intersect with the line of sight twice, giving you a dead center hold on the target for many yards without hold-over or hold-under. It's measured by applying an 880-gram weight to the arrow, suspended from the center of the shaft. Do you really need a multi range sight for trajectory compensation. This does not affect or reflect on our recommendations or opinions. 2. With having said that lets sight these crossbows with a maximum point blank range drop of 3 inches and a mid-range rise of 3 inches. For the most accurate results, it is best to use a known speed and known arrow weight under 6 grain per pound todetermine your "corrected" IBO value. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. If you look at the above chart you will notice that from 250 F.P.S. If you use the chart above to compare kinetic energy between a 350 FPS and a 300 FPS crossbow, youll notice that the first one delivers significantly more KE at 50 yards, than the second crossbow does at even 10 yards! Sight compensation of trajectory. In arrow flight, trajectory refers to the exact arcing path the arrow travels from the crossbow to the target downrange, as soon as the arrow leaves the power of the bowstring it is subjected to atmosheric drag (slowing it down) and gravity (pulling the arrow down to earth). In the majority of cases once a peep is added the speed will only be a few fps off but the ratings of some bows are significantly off. View Results* Dark Blue: Optimal arrow weight. In short, you need as much FPS as possible without sacrificing the other parameters of a crossbow to values that make such trade-off unworthy. Consider More Than Speed When Buying a Crossbow - TenPoint Mike is an avid archery hunter and brings a military methodology to his hunting and life. ), Any additional weight on your bowstring (nock loop, peep, etc.). The rule of thumb was that for every added inch of draw length, you increase raw arrow speed by approximately 10-15 fps. Every 3 grains of additional weight on the bow string will subtract 1 foot per second from the IBO value. there is very little difference in trajectory when you sight in at the recommended distance that is supplied with most crossbows. If you're planning on using 450 grain arrows, the information above suggests that your arrow will leave the crossbow at a speed of around 380 FPS (95% of 400). IBO Speed (feet per second) To find the distance that your arrow will travel, you can use the projectile motion calculator. The calculator assumes average air density and air viscosity. However, here you'll find a bit of a contradiction because heavier arrows result in slower speeds, meaning compromising speed might be necessary to avoid losing momentum and kinetic energy so rapidly. Kinetic Energy & Momentum Calculator Find out the kinetic energy of your arrow or bolt using the following simple calculator. Confirm the zero by shooting a . One thing to remember is that while kinetic energy provides the impact of your arrow on your intended target, what it doesnt necessarily provide is information on your arrows ability to penetrate and travel through your target. You can also see how increasing your arrow weight will increase kinetic energy and momentum, but then decrease kinetic energy when the speed of your arrow decreases to the point where it can no longer provide the force necessary to increase your arrows lethality. This arrow speed calculator allows you to accurately determine the speed of an arrow. An arrows momentum is defined by how much force is required to stop an object. This is because the large draw weight imparts more energy to the arrow. The heavier your arrow, the slower its initial speed will be, and the lower its speed will be when it hits the target, resulting in lower kinetic energy. The chart below demonstrates the minimum, as well as recommended, kinetic energy, for hunting different-sized game. Arrow Speed Calculator Ashby Bowhunting Foundation At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. Factoring in the gravitational constant in both of those formulas for hunting arrows is necessary to account for the effect of gravity on the arrows motion. But let's get a bit more precise (pun unintended): Aside from your aiming skills, animals jumping the string is the most common reason for disappointing results on hunting trips with a crossbow. Archery Hunting 101: Bow Hunting for Beginners. Not too long after that came the advent of the speed bow, and soon, almost every bow on the market was capable of hurling anarrowat 300 fps. Knowing how your arrow speed changes with the increase in arrow weight, you can now easily figure out the new kinetic energy: For instance, if you know your crossbow shoots your current 400 grain arrows with a speed of 400 FPS, our chart above tells you to expect 124.8 ft-lb of kinetic energy at 30 yards. There are several factors that go into the arrow speed equation. Welcome to our Arrow Speed, Kinetic Energy, and Momentum Calculator, where you can easily calculate your arrows speed, kinetic energy, and momentum based on the IBO speed of your compound bow, your draw weight, draw length, and arrow weight. A feather traveling at 20 mph might sting, or might not even be felt, depending upon how it strikes. If you want to learn more about momentum and how to calculate it, we have a dedicated momentum calculator that you might enjoy! The most critical factor is the IBO speed entered as this is the starting point of the calculations. When an arrow is shot from your bow, its impact, and ability to penetrate and make the kill is based not just on the speed of your bow. Archery & Crossbow Ballistics Calculator: Initial velocity: fps m/s Arrow mass: gr g Angle of departure MOA Shaft length: in cm Shaft diameter: in mm Vane length: in cm Vane height . Notice that our recommendation for elk hunting is 65 ft-lbs of kinetic energy (this is a conservative value, you can get away with less). Arrow Efficiency Calculator: Optimize your bowhunting set up. *All data are approximate. 13.6 320. Arrow Speed Calculator: Calculate or estimate arrow speed. Even at 275 FPS you only get close to it at 10 yards out. Crossbow speeds are usually measured in feet-per-second (FPS). Reduce the IBO speed until the calculator shows the verified speed of 315; in this case, the correct IBO value would be 346 fps. 500 grain arrows will fly at ~90% of initial speed Every 3 grains of total arrow weight above draw weight multiplied by 5, will subtract 1 foot per second from the IBO value. Every inch of draw length above 30 will add 10 feet per second to the IBO value. You want to know the arrow's speed when you increase both the draw length and the arrow weight. The greater the draw weight, the greater the speed of the arrow shot from the bow. A fast arrow has the flattest trajectory possible, and thats a good thing, for several reasons, the biggest being the leeway in aiming at a distant target at an unknown range. For every 3 grains of additional weight on the bowstring, subtract 1 fps from the IBO value. Corrected IBO Example - A 70#/29" bow that's rated at 350 fps is has been chronographed at 315 fps with a 400 grain arrow. Be careful with increasing string weight, as it is equally important to string the bow comfortably. At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. While KE is an important factor in penetration, momentum is also critical because it determines the arrows ability to push through the target. For a more detailed explanation, check the notes below the calculator. Finally, using our arrow ballistics calculator (which requires that both arrow speed and mass are known) we determined the values plotted in the chart below. If the exact speed is not available, use the Bow/Arrow Speed Calculator to estimate the arrow speed. In closing, using an arrow speed calculator will provide a solid estimate; however, you have to shoot your hunting weight arrow through a chronograph to know exactly how fast it is flying. Please keep in mind that the values below assume the crossbow configuration is not altered, and that the only change is in arrow weight. Every inch of draw length under 30 will subtract 10 ft per second from the IBO value. When a crossbow is said to shoot at 300 FPS, that means that, when the arrow leaves the flight rail, it would travel 300 feet in the span of one second if it could constantly maintain its momentum and trajectory. 2. A heavy arrow will produce a great deal of arrow momentum even at the price of arrow speed, but will eventually go down as arrow speed decreases. We have not done very precise tests to figure this out (we will update this post when we do), however a very close estimate would be to assume the following. A 10 ft-lbs difference in KE can potentially result in a noticeable difference in the arrows ability to effectively penetrate the animal and cause a humane kill. Arrow speed specification. Bonus fps! FPS calculators (Frame per Second) work by using large databases of FPS records for various processors and graphic cards. Thats a massive difference in a hunting scenario. This tool should get you close to that. If youre planning on using 450 grain arrows, the information above suggests that your arrow will leave the crossbow at a speed of around 380 FPS (95% of 400). By drawing your bow, you convert mechanical energy (ME) and store it as potential energy (PE) in the bow limbs. Mid-Range Rise; Mid-range rise when sighting in a crossbow is the highest point in the arrows trajectory between the point blank range and the true zero point. At the rated 350 fps IBO the speed should be 319 so we know that the IBO is slightly high. Let us see how to use this tool: Begin by indicating the IBO rating in fps in the Bow IBO rating field. If you were to shoot a 600 grain arrow instead, your initial speed would be roughly 82.5% of 350, or around 290 FPS. 1. Arrow speed depends on several factors, including bow string weight, string length, string material, arrow weight, and weather conditions. To calculate your arrow's kinetic energy you need to know two variables: 1) your total finished arrow weight in grains, and 2) the velocity of your arrow. Two main ways in which speed affects precision: First, faster arrows have flatter trajectory, meaning they drop less as they fly toward their target. The size of the heart/lung area is around 8 inches on a average size deer weighing 120 pounds.

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